Porsche 944 (944S(2) 944 Turbo(S) (951)) Service & Repair Manual 1982-1991 [complete & Informative For Diy Repair]
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🏷️ Basic Information Identification Make: Porsche Model: 944 Model Variants Covered: 944, 944S, 944S2, 944 Turbo (951), 944 Turbo S (951) Production Years: 1982-1991 Codes Chassis Code: 944 Engine Codes Common: M44.01, M44.02, M44.03, M44.04, M44.05, M44.06, M44.08, M44.40, M44.41, M44.42, M44.43, M44.50, M44.51, M44.52, M44.53 👋 Introduction Market Position Target Audience: Do-it-yourself enthusiasts and experienced professional mechanics Value Proposition: Inexpensive way to maintain and repair the vehicle, equivalent to dealer-level service information Competitive Analysis Comparison To Dealer Manuals: Same type of manual used by local dealers Key Features Instructional Style: Step-by-step instructions with numbered points, notes, cautions, and warnings Navigability: Numbered table of contents for quick information retrieval Content Integrity: 100% complete and intact, no missing or corrupt pages/sections Download Benefit: Instant download, no uncertainty 📋 Manual Details Coverage Areas General Coverage: All styles and variants of the Porsche 944 produced between 1982 and 1991 Page Count Total Pages: > 2600 Manual Type Type: Service & Repair Manual / Workshop Manual Language Language: English Format File Format: PDF 📖 Manual Coverage Systems Covered Engine Mechanical: Complete disassembly and reassembly, cylinder head, cylinder block, pistons, crankshaft, camshafts, timing belt, oil pump, lubrication system. Engine Management: Fuel system (injection, fuel pump, injectors), ignition system (spark plugs, coils, timing), emission control systems (catalytic converter, O2 sensors), engine control unit (ECU) diagnostics. Cooling System: Radiator, water pump, thermostat, cooling fan system, hoses, coolant specifications. Drive Shaft And Differential: Drive shaft, CV joints, differential case assembly, axle shafts, fluid specifications. Clutch System: Clutch unit, clutch master cylinder, clutch release cylinder, clutch pedal, hydraulic system bleeding, fluid specifications. Brake System: Brake master cylinder, brake booster, brake fluid specifications, calipers, rotors, pads, lines, parking brake, ABS system (where applicable). Steering System: Power steering pump, steering rack, tie rods, steering column, fluid specifications. Suspension System: Front and rear suspension components (struts, shocks, control arms, bushings), wheel alignment specifications. Electrical System: Wiring diagrams, starting system (starter motor, battery), charging system (alternator, regulator), lighting system (headlamps, taillights), combination meter, wipers and washer system, power windows, power mirrors, horn. Body And Interior: Body repair, doors, windows, sunroof system, seat belts, airbags (SRS), interior trim, instrument panel. Wheels And Tires: Wheel and tire specifications, rotation, balancing, bolt patterns. Procedures Included Maintenance: Scheduled maintenance, fluid changes (oil, coolant, brake fluid, power steering fluid, transmission fluid), filter replacements, spark plug replacement, belt inspection/replacement. Troubleshooting: Diagnostic procedures for common problems, identification of fault codes (if applicable), symptom-based troubleshooting guides. Repair: Step-by-step instructions for component removal, installation, and repair across all major vehicle systems. Overhaul: Detailed procedures for engine and transmission overhauls. Diagnostics: Electrical system diagnostics, engine performance diagnostics, using diagnostic tools. Technical Depth Depth: Comprehensive: Covers everything from basic maintenance and fluid checks to complete engine and transmission rebuilds, including detailed electrical system diagnostics and wiring diagrams. 📊 Manual Specifications File Format Format: PDF Compatibility: Windows, Mac, Linux Print Quality Printability: Fully printable without restriction Illustration Quality: Detailed illustrations, drawings, and photos with enlarged insets Binding Type Binding: Digital (PDF Download) Paper Type Paper Type: N/A (Digital) ⚙️ Engine Specifications Primary Engine Engine Type: Naturally Aspirated Inline-4 (944, 944S, 944S2), Turbocharged Inline-4 (944 Turbo, 944 Turbo S) Performance 944 Engine Displacement: 2.5 Liters (2479 cc) 944 Horsepower Range: 143-163 hp (depending on market and year) 944 Torque Range: 190-210 Nm (depending on market and year) 944S Engine Displacement: 2.5 Liters (2479 cc) 944S Horsepower: 190 hp 944S Torque: 230 Nm 944S2 Engine Displacement: 2.7 Liters (2681 cc) for early 87, then 3.0 Liters (2990 cc) from late 87 onwards 944S2 Horsepower: 211 hp (3.0L) 944S2 Torque: 280 Nm (3.0L) 944 Turbo 951 Engine Displacement: 2.5 Liters (2479 cc) 944 Turbo 951 Horsepower: 220 hp (US spec), 250 hp (Euro spec) 944 Turbo 951 Torque: 330 Nm (US spec), 350 Nm (Euro spec) 944 Turbo S 951 Horsepower: 250 hp 944 Turbo S 951 Torque: 340 Nm Fuel System Fuel Injection: Bosch L-Jetronic (early models), Bosch Motronic (later models and Turbos) Fuel Type Recommended: Unleaded gasoline (minimum octane rating varies by model and market, consult manual for specifics) 🔧 Transmission Standard Standard Transmission: 5-speed manual transaxle (all models) Optional Optional Transmission: 3-speed automatic transaxle (available on most models, but not Turbo S) Features Transaxle Layout: Rear-mounted transaxle (engine front, transmission rear for optimal weight distribution) 📐 Dimensions Exterior Body Styles: Coupe Weights Curb Weight Range: Approximately 1200 kg to 1400 kg (depending on model and equipment) 💡 Technology Features Infotainment Audio System: Factory installed radio/cassette players, often Blaupunkt or Becker, with varying speaker configurations. Limited connectivity by modern standards. Driver Assistance ABS: Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) available on later models and optional on some earlier ones. Airbags: Driver airbag standard on later models, passenger airbag optional or standard on some high-spec models. Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) diagnostics covered. 🔧 Maintenance Service Intervals Oil Change Interval:...
Fuel system (injection, fuel pump, injectors), ignition system (spark plugs, coils, timing), emission control systems (catalytic converter, O2 sensors), engine control unit (ECU) diagnostics.
Cooling System:
Radiator, water pump, thermostat, cooling fan system, hoses, coolant specifications.
Power steering pump, steering rack, tie rods, steering column, fluid specifications.
Suspension System:
Front and rear suspension components (struts, shocks, control arms, bushings), wheel alignment specifications.
Electrical System:
Wiring diagrams, starting system (starter motor, battery), charging system (alternator, regulator), lighting system (headlamps, taillights), combination meter, wipers and washer system, power windows, power mirrors, horn.
Wheel and tire specifications, rotation, balancing, bolt patterns.
Procedures Included
Maintenance:
Scheduled maintenance, fluid changes (oil, coolant, brake fluid, power steering fluid, transmission fluid), filter replacements, spark plug replacement, belt inspection/replacement.
Troubleshooting:
Diagnostic procedures for common problems, identification of fault codes (if applicable), symptom-based troubleshooting guides.
Repair:
Step-by-step instructions for component removal, installation, and repair across all major vehicle systems.
Overhaul:
Detailed procedures for engine and transmission overhauls.
Diagnostics:
Electrical system diagnostics, engine performance diagnostics, using diagnostic tools.
Technical Depth
Depth:
Comprehensive: Covers everything from basic maintenance and fluid checks to complete engine and transmission rebuilds, including detailed electrical system diagnostics and wiring diagrams.
📊 Manual Specifications
File Format
Format:
PDF
Compatibility:
Windows, Mac, Linux
Print Quality
Printability:
Fully printable without restriction
Illustration Quality:
Detailed illustrations, drawings, and photos with enlarged insets
2.7 Liters (2681 cc) for early 87, then 3.0 Liters (2990 cc) from late 87 onwards
944S2 Horsepower:
211 hp (3.0L)
944S2 Torque:
280 Nm (3.0L)
944 Turbo 951 Engine Displacement:
2.5 Liters (2479 cc)
944 Turbo 951 Horsepower:
220 hp (US spec), 250 hp (Euro spec)
944 Turbo 951 Torque:
330 Nm (US spec), 350 Nm (Euro spec)
944 Turbo S 951 Horsepower:
250 hp
944 Turbo S 951 Torque:
340 Nm
Fuel System
Fuel Injection:
Bosch L-Jetronic (early models), Bosch Motronic (later models and Turbos)
Fuel Type Recommended:
Unleaded gasoline (minimum octane rating varies by model and market, consult manual for specifics)
🔧 Transmission
Standard
Standard Transmission:
5-speed manual transaxle (all models)
Optional
Optional Transmission:
3-speed automatic transaxle (available on most models, but not Turbo S)
Features
Transaxle Layout:
Rear-mounted transaxle (engine front, transmission rear for optimal weight distribution)
📐 Dimensions
Exterior
Body Styles:
Coupe
Weights
Curb Weight Range:
Approximately 1200 kg to 1400 kg (depending on model and equipment)
💡 Technology Features
Infotainment
Audio System:
Factory installed radio/cassette players, often Blaupunkt or Becker, with varying speaker configurations. Limited connectivity by modern standards.
Driver Assistance
ABS:
Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) available on later models and optional on some earlier ones.
Airbags:
Driver airbag standard on later models, passenger airbag optional or standard on some high-spec models. Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) diagnostics covered.
🔧 Maintenance
Service Intervals
Oil Change Interval:
Typically every 5,000 - 7,500 miles or annually (check manual for specific recommendation based on driving conditions)
Timing Belt Replacement:
Crucial interval, typically 40,000 - 60,000 miles or 4-5 years. Failure can cause catastrophic engine damage.
Fluid Specifications
Engine Oil:
API SG/SH, ACEA A2/A3, viscosity typically 5W-40, 10W-40, or 10W-50 depending on climate (consult manual)
Coolant:
Porsche specified silicate-free coolant (e.g., G48, or equivalent blue coolant), mixed 50/50 with distilled water.
Brake Fluid:
DOT 4 or DOT 5.1 brake fluid (check manual for specific recommendation, DOT 5.1 is often preferred for higher boiling point).
Power Steering Fluid:
Pentosin CHF 11S or compatible hydraulic fluid.
Manual Transmission Fluid:
GL-4 or GL-5 gear oil, viscosity typically 75W-90 (check manual).
Automatic Transmission Fluid:
Dexron III or equivalent.
Known Issues
Common Problems:
Timing belt failure (non-interference engine but critical), fuel line deterioration, vacuum leaks, electrical gremlins, seized brake calipers, suspension bushing wear, catalytic converter failure (older models), cracked dashboards.
Transaxle Issues:
Clutch wear, potential seal leaks.
📚 Vehicle History
Brand Heritage
Brand Focus:
Performance sports cars, engineering excellence, racing heritage
Model Evolution
Predecessor:
Porsche 924
Development Basis:
Developed from the Porsche 924, but significantly re-engineered with a unique chassis and more powerful engines.
Key Milestones:
Introduction of the naturally aspirated 2.5L, the 16-valve 944S, the 2.5L Turbo (951), the 2.7L and 3.0L S2 models, and the higher-performance Turbo S.
Production
Production Period:
1981-1991 (for the 944 series)
Manufacturing Location:
Neckarsulm, Germany
🏆 Awards & Recognition
Recognitions
Automotive Press Accolades:
Widely praised for its handling, balance, and performance, often cited as one of the best front-engine, rear-wheel-drive sports cars of its era. Competed favorably with contemporary BMWs and Japanese sports cars.
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