🏷️ Basic Information Identification Make: ZIL Model: 131 Truck Lorry Common Name: ZIL-131 Country Of Origin: Soviet Union / Russia 👋 Introduction Market Position Market Position: Heavy-duty off-road military and utility truck. Primarily served Soviet/Russian military, state organizations, and heavy industry. Known for ruggedness, reliability in extreme conditions, and simple, robust design. Competitive Analysis Competitive Analysis: Competed with other Soviet-era heavy trucks like Ural and KrAZ. Abroad, it was a competitor to vehicles like the Mercedes-Benz Unimog (though with a different design philosophy focusing on raw power and simplicity over advanced features). Key Features Key Features: Excellent off-road capability (6x6 drive, high ground clearance, large tires, low-range gearing, central tire inflation system), robust construction, versatile platform for various body types (cargo, troop transport, specialized equipment), powerful V8 engine. 📋 Manual Details Coverage Manual Type: Technical Service Manual / Repair Manual Language: English Format: Likely PDF (digital) or Printed Reproduction Page Count: Estimated 300-600 pages (typical for this class of vehicle manual) 📖 Manual Coverage Systems Systems Covered: Engine (ZIL-130 series V8 gasoline), Transmission (5-speed manual), Transfer Case (2-speed, locking center differential), Drivetrain (4x4, 6x6 on-demand), Front Suspension (beam axle with leaf springs), Rear Suspension (dual beam axles with leaf springs), Steering (power-assisted recirculating ball), Brakes (dual-circuit hydraulic drum brakes, parking brake), Electrical System (24V, dual batteries), Fuel System (carbureted), Cooling System, Lubrication System, Chassis and Frame, Bodywork (cab, cargo bed, specialized variants), Wheels and Tires, Air System (for tire inflation), Winch (optional/standard on some variants) Procedures Procedures Included: Routine Maintenance, Scheduled Servicing, Engine Overhaul, Transmission Repair, Drivetrain Component Replacement, Suspension and Steering Alignment, Brake System Servicing, Electrical Diagnostics and Repair, Fuel System Maintenance, Cooling System Flushing and Repair, Body Panel Repair, Troubleshooting Guides, Component Removal and Installation, Torque Specifications, Wiring Diagrams, Lubrication Schedules Depth Technical Depth: Comprehensive for professional mechanics and experienced DIY enthusiasts. Covers detailed disassembly, assembly, diagnosis, and repair procedures for all major vehicle systems. Includes specifications, tolerances, and troubleshooting flowcharts. 📊 Manual Specifications Physical Attributes File Format Typical: PDF (Searchable text, high-resolution scans) Print Quality Recommendation: High-quality print for durability in workshop environments Binding Type Typical Print: Spiral-bound or perfect-bound for lay-flat usability Paper Type Typical Print: Durable, matte finish paper to reduce glare and resist grease ⚙️ Engine Specifications Primary Engine Engine Model: ZIL-130 V8 Gasoline Engine (variants may exist) Performance Displacement: 6.0 Liters (approx. 366 cubic inches) Horsepower: 150-180 hp (net) at specified RPM Torque: 370-420 Nm (approx. 275-310 lb-ft) at specified RPM Fuel System Fuel System Type: Carbureted (e.g., K-135 carburetor or similar) Fuel Type: Gasoline (Octane rating typically 80-90) Ignition Ignition System: Distributor-based, 24V ignition system Cooling Cooling System Type: Water-cooled, pressurized Lubrication Lubrication System Type: Forced lubrication, wet sump 🔧 Transmission Standard Transmission Type: 5-speed Manual Synchronized Gearbox Features Transfer Case: 2-speed transfer case with locking center differential for 6x6 drive Gear Ratios Typical: Specific ratios for main gearbox and transfer case detailed in manual Fluid Transmission Fluid Type Recommendation: GL-4 rated gear oil (e.g., 80W-90, specific ZIL recommendations to be consulted) 📐 Dimensions Exterior Length: Approx. 7.0-7.4 meters (23-24 ft) Width: Approx. 2.5 meters (8.2 ft) Height: Approx. 2.8-3.0 meters (9.2-9.8 ft) Wheelbase: Approx. 3.5 meters (11.5 ft) Weights Curb Weight: Approx. 7,500 - 8,500 kg (16,500 - 18,700 lbs) Gross Vehicle Weight Rating: Approx. 12,500 - 13,500 kg (27,500 - 29,700 lbs) Payload Capacity: Approx. 4,000 - 5,000 kg (8,800 - 11,000 lbs) Cargo Cargo Bed Dimensions: Varies by configuration, but generally spacious for military or utility use Tires Tire Size Standard: 12.00-20 or similar large off-road bias-ply tires Wheel Bolt Pattern: Heavy-duty, likely 10-stud or similar large pattern 🛡️ Safety Features Ratings Safety Ratings: Not subjected to modern civilian crash testing. Designed for military survivability and operational safety in combat environments. Active Features Active Safety Features: Central Tire Inflation System (CTIS) for maintaining traction, robust braking system, lockable differentials for enhanced control in low traction. Passive Features Passive Safety Features: Reinforced cab structure, durable chassis, provision for seat belts (may not be standard on all early models). Operational Operational Safety Considerations: High center of gravity requires careful driving on slopes. Manual steering effort can be high without engine running. Powerful engine requires responsible operation. 💡 Technology Features Infotainment Infotainment System: Extremely basic. Typically consists of a radio (AM/FM) and potentially a CB radio. No digital displays or complex audio systems. Driver Assistance Driver Assistance Features: Central Tire Inflation System (CTIS) is the primary advanced feature for off-road performance. Connectivity Connectivity Features: No modern connectivity features like Bluetooth, USB, or Wi-Fi. Designed for function over comfort/convenience. Electrical System Electrical System Voltage: 24 Volt DC Battery Configuration: Two 12V batteries connected in series 🔧 Maintenance Service Intervals Oil Change Interval: Typical interval around 5,000-10,000 km for engine oil and filter, or as specified by manual (likely detailed per operating condition). Grease...