🏷️ Basic Information Identification Make: BMW Model: 518i Year: 1981 Codes Chassis Code: E28 👋 Introduction Market Position Segment: Executive Sedan Target Audience: Owners seeking in-depth repair and maintenance knowledge, independent mechanics, restoration enthusiasts Competitive Analysis Competitors 1981: Mercedes-Benz W123, Audi 100, Volvo 240 Key Features Bmw Philosophy: Emphasis on driving dynamics, build quality, and performance engineering E28 Platform: Introduction of the E28 platform, a significant evolution of BMW's mid-size luxury sedan with improved aerodynamics and chassis dynamics. 📋 Manual Details Coverage Areas Engine Service: Complete engine overhaul, diagnosis, component replacement Transmission Service: Manual and automatic transmission repair, fluid changes, clutch replacement Electrical System: Wiring diagrams, component testing, troubleshooting starting and charging systems, lighting, instrumentation Fuel System: Fuel injection system (Bosch L-Jetronic), fuel pump, injectors, fuel filter replacement Suspension And Steering: Front and rear suspension components, shock absorbers, springs, steering rack, tie rods Brake System: Disc brake overhaul, caliper servicing, master cylinder replacement, brake bleeding procedures Body And Chassis: Body panel repair, rust prevention, door mechanisms, interior trim removal and installation Heating And Air Conditioning: HVAC system operation, component testing, refrigerant handling (where applicable) Diagnostic Procedures: Troubleshooting guides for common issues, fault code interpretation (where applicable) Page Count Estimated Pages: 700-900 Manual Type Type: Full Service Repair Manual Language Language: English Format Format: Digital (PDF) 📖 Manual Coverage Systems Covered Powertrain: Engine mechanicals, fuel delivery, ignition, exhaust, transmission, driveline Chassis: Suspension (front and rear), steering, brakes (front and rear discs), wheels, tires Electrical: Battery, charging system, starting system, lighting, wipers, horn, instrumentation, fuel injection control, engine management Body: Exterior panels, doors, windows, locks, seals, interior trim, seats, dashboard Procedures Included Preventive Maintenance: Oil changes, filter replacements, fluid checks and top-offs, spark plug replacement, belt inspection and adjustment Troubleshooting: System-specific diagnostic flowcharts, symptom-based troubleshooting guides Repair And Rebuild: Engine overhaul (pistons, rings, bearings, valves), cylinder head service, transmission rebuilds, brake caliper overhaul, suspension component replacement Adjustment: Valve clearance adjustment, ignition timing adjustment, idle speed adjustment Component Replacement: Alternator, starter motor, fuel pump, water pump, radiator, clutch assembly, shock absorbers, brake pads/rotors Technical Depth Depth: Comprehensive: From basic maintenance to complete engine and transmission rebuilds, including detailed electrical system diagnostics. 📊 Manual Specifications File Format Searchability: Searchable text for quick information retrieval Printability: Printable pages for workshop use Print Quality Image Resolution: High-resolution images and diagrams for clarity Binding Type Binding: N/A (Digital Format) Paper Type Paper Type: N/A (Digital Format) ⚙️ Engine Specifications Primary Engine Engine Code: M10 Configuration: Inline 4-cylinder, SOHC Displacement: 1.8 Liters (1766 cc) Bore X Stroke: 89.0 mm x 80.0 mm Compression Ratio: 8.3:1 Performance Horsepower Net: 90 PS (89 bhp / 66 kW) at 5500 rpm Torque Net: 140 Nm (103 lb-ft) at 3000 rpm Fuel System Fuel Injection Type: Bosch L-Jetronic (Lambda Control) Fuel Type: Unleaded Gasoline (Octane Rating 91 or higher recommended) Engine Management Ignition System: Electronic Ignition (Distributor-based) Cooling System Cooling Type: Water-cooled Lubrication System Oil Capacity With Filter: 4.5 Liters (4.8 US qt) Recommended Oil Viscosity: SAE 10W-40 or 15W-40 (depending on climate) 🔧 Transmission Standard Type: 4-speed Manual Optional Type: 3-speed ZF Automatic (e.g., ZF 3HP22) Features Clutch Type: Single dry plate, hydraulically operated Fluid Specs Manual Transmission Fluid: GL-4 75W-90 Synthetic (or equivalent) Automatic Transmission Fluid: Dexron II (or equivalent) 📐 Dimensions Exterior Length: 4,620 mm (181.9 in) Width: 1,700 mm (66.9 in) Height: 1,420 mm (55.9 in) Wheelbase: 2,795 mm (110.0 in) Front Track: 1,430 mm (56.3 in) Rear Track: 1,456 mm (57.3 in) Weights Curb Weight Manual: 1,300 kg (2,866 lbs) Curb Weight Automatic: 1,330 kg (2,932 lbs) Gross Vehicle Weight Rating: 1,800 kg (3,968 lbs) Payload Capacity: 500 kg (1,102 lbs) 🛡️ Safety Features Ratings Crash Test Era: Era-specific safety standards; frontal impact performance was typical for its time. Active Features Brakes: Front: Ventilated Disc, Rear: Disc Parking Brake: Mechanical, acting on rear wheels Passive Features Seatbelts: Front: 3-point inertia reel seatbelts Steering Column: Collapsible steering column for improved occupant protection Headrests: Integrated front headrests 💡 Technology Features Infotainment Radio: Typically an AM/FM radio with cassette player, often with analog tuning. Speakers: Door-mounted or dashboard speakers, often 4 or 6. Driver Assistance ABS: Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) was an optional feature on some E28 models, but not standard on the 518i. Cruise Control: Optional cruise control available on some models. Connectivity Original Connectivity: N/A (Pre-digital era) 🔧 Maintenance Service Intervals Oil Change Interval: Every 10,000 km (6,000 miles) or 12 months, whichever comes first. Air Filter Replacement: Every 20,000 km (12,000 miles) or as needed based on driving conditions. Spark Plug Replacement: Every 40,000 km (24,000 miles) Brake Fluid Flush: Every 24 months Coolant Flush: Every 24-36 months Fluid Specifications Coolant Type: Ethylene Glycol-based antifreeze (e.g., BMW P/N 82 14 9 401 697 or equivalent) mixed 50/50 with distilled water. Brake Fluid Type: DOT 3 or DOT...