🏷️ Basic Information Identification Make: Subaru Model: Justy Year: 1993 Codes Chassis Code: JDM: KA4, Export: KAD (likely) Engine Code Primary: EK23 (3-cylinder, 657cc, naturally aspirated) Engine Code Optional: EK23T (3-cylinder, 657cc, turbocharged) - common in certain JDM markets 👋 Introduction Market Position Segment: Subcompact hatchback/station wagon, often categorized as a Kei car in Japan, but larger dimensions for export markets. Target Audience: Budget-conscious buyers seeking reliable, economical, and fuel-efficient transportation, particularly in urban environments. Also appealing to enthusiasts of compact Japanese vehicles. Competitive Analysis Key Competitors Era: Suzuki Swift/Cultus, Daihatsu Charade, Mitsubishi Mirage, Honda Civic (smaller variants), Nissan March/Micra. Key Features Engine Variants: Known for its small, fuel-efficient 3-cylinder engines, including a peppy turbocharged option in some markets. Drivetrain Options: Available in front-wheel drive (FWD) and a surprisingly capable all-wheel drive (AWD) system (known as 'Traction Assist' or 'Selectable AWD' in some markets). Body Styles: Typically offered as a 5-door hatchback, with some markets featuring a 3-door or a small wagon variant. Brand Philosophy Subaru Focus: Subaru's reputation for durable powertrains and, in some cases, advanced AWD systems is a hallmark, even in its smaller offerings. 📋 Manual Details Coverage Areas Primary Regions Covered: Global (primarily referencing JDM and common export specifications) Vehicle Generations Covered: Second generation (1991-1995), specifically the 1993 model year. Page Count Estimated Page Count: 800-1200+ pages (typical for a comprehensive factory service manual of this era) Manual Type Type: Factory Service Repair Manual Language Language: English Format Format: PDF (Digital Download) 📖 Manual Coverage Systems Covered Powertrain: Engine mechanical (EK23, EK23T), lubrication system, cooling system, fuel system (carbureted), ignition system, emission control systems, exhaust system. Transmission Drivetrain: Manual transmission (3-speed automatic and 4/5-speed manual), clutch system, drive shafts, front and rear axles, differentials, 4WD system (if applicable). Suspension Steering: Front suspension (MacPherson strut), rear suspension (independent trailing arm), power steering (if equipped), steering column, steering gear. Brakes: Front disc brakes, rear drum brakes, parking brake system, hydraulic system, ABS (rarely equipped, but potentially covered if applicable). Electrical: 12V electrical system, battery, charging system (alternator), starting system (starter motor), lighting system (headlights, taillights, interior), fuses and relays, instrument cluster, basic wiring diagrams. Body: Body construction, exterior panels, doors, hood, tailgate, glass, interior trim, seats, HVAC system (heating, ventilation, air conditioning). Procedures Included Maintenance: Scheduled maintenance intervals, oil changes, filter replacements, spark plug replacement, fluid checks and changes, belt inspections and replacement, brake pad/shoe replacement, tire rotation. Troubleshooting: Diagnostic procedures for common drivability issues, electrical faults, starting problems, overheating, braking issues, and suspension noise. Repair Rebuild: Detailed step-by-step instructions for component removal, repair, overhaul, and reinstallation (e.g., engine overhaul, transmission rebuild, brake caliper replacement, suspension component replacement). Specifications Data: Torque specifications for critical fasteners, engine timing specifications, valve clearances, fluid capacities and types, diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) and their meanings (if applicable to OBD-I). Wiring Diagrams: Comprehensive electrical schematics for various vehicle systems. Technical Depth Depth: Comprehensive, covering from basic maintenance to advanced diagnostics and complete mechanical/electrical system overhauls. Designed for professional technicians and skilled DIYers. 📊 Manual Specifications File Format Format: PDF Readability: Searchable text, allowing for quick information retrieval. High-resolution scans for clarity. Print Quality Quality: High-quality digital reproduction of original factory documentation. Binding Type Type: N/A (Digital Download) Paper Type Type: N/A (Digital Download) Software Requirements Requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader (or compatible PDF viewer), WinZip (or compatible unzipping utility). Compatibility Operating Systems: Compatible with all versions of Windows and macOS. ⚙️ Engine Specifications Primary Engine Model: EK23 Type: Inline 3-cylinder, SOHC (Single Overhead Camshaft) Displacement: 657 cc Bore X Stroke: 65.0 mm x 66.0 mm (approximate) Compression Ratio: 9.5:1 to 10.0:1 (varies by variant) Horsepower Net: 42-48 hp @ 6500 rpm (naturally aspirated) Torque Net: 5.5-6.0 kg-m (approx. 40-43 lb-ft) @ 3500-4000 rpm (naturally aspirated) Optional Engine Model: EK23T (Turbocharged) Horsepower Net: 55-64 hp @ 6500 rpm (turbocharged, often regulated by Kei car limits) Torque Net: 7.5-8.0 kg-m (approx. 54-58 lb-ft) @ 3500-4000 rpm (turbocharged) Fuel System Induction: Single-point or multi-point fuel injection (MPI) or Carburetor (depending on market and emission regulations). Manual specifies coverage for common systems. Fuel Type: Unleaded Gasoline (Octane Rating typically 87-91 RON) Lubrication System Oil Capacity: Approximately 2.7 - 3.0 Liters (2.9 - 3.2 US Quarts) with filter change. Recommended Oil Viscosity: SAE 10W-30 or 10W-40 (API SG or higher) Cooling System Coolant Capacity: Approximately 3.5 - 4.0 Liters (3.7 - 4.2 US Quarts) Coolant Type: Ethylene Glycol based coolant (50% mixture with distilled water) 🔧 Transmission Standard Type: 3-speed Automatic Transmission (AT) or 4/5-speed Manual Transmission (MT). Optional Type: All-Wheel Drive (AWD) system, often selectable, available with both AT and MT. Features AWD System: Viscous coupling center differential (typically) or electronically controlled clutch pack for AWD engagement. Fluid Specifications At Type: Dexron II or equivalent automatic transmission fluid. Fluid Specifications Mt Type: API GL-4 SAE 75W-90 or 80W-90...