🏷️ Basic Information Identification Make: Subaru Model: L-Series Model Variant: DL, GL, GL-10, RX, Loyale (some overlapping and transitional models) Production Years Covered: 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Codes Chassis Codes: A4 (sedan), A6 (station wagon), AM (BRAT/Brat) 👋 Introduction Market Position Segment: Compact/Subcompact Economy Cars and SUVs (Station Wagon variants) Key Attributes: Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive (standard or optional on most models), durability, reliability, off-road capability for their class Competitive Analysis Competitors: Toyota Corolla, Honda Civic, Nissan Sentra, Mazda 323, Mitsubishi Mirage Key Features Distinctive Features: Subaru's boxer engine configuration, optional/standard AWD, rugged build Target Audience: DIY mechanics, independent repair shops, enthusiasts, owners seeking to maintain older vehicles 📋 Manual Details Coverage Areas Primary Coverage: North America Secondary Coverage: Global (for applicable mechanicals) Page Count Estimated Page Count: 1000-2000+ (typical for comprehensive factory service manuals) Manual Type Type: Factory Service Manual / Repair Manual Language Language: English Format Format: PDF Download 📖 Manual Coverage Systems Covered Engine Mechanical: Engine overhaul, component inspection, timing belt replacement, cooling system, lubrication system Engine Management: Fuel injection systems (MPFI, SPFI), ignition systems, emissions control, diagnosis and troubleshooting Transmission: Manual transmission overhaul and repair, automatic transmission overhaul and repair, clutch system, transfer case Drivetrain: Front and rear differentials, CV joints, drive shafts, four-wheel-drive system operation and repair Brakes: Front disc brakes, rear drum brakes (and rear discs on some models), parking brake system, hydraulic system diagnosis Suspension Steering: Front independent suspension (MacPherson strut), rear suspension, power steering system, alignment specifications Electrical System: Charging system, starting system, battery, lighting, instrumentation, wiring diagrams, component testing Body Chassis: Body panel repair, frame specifications, interior trim removal, door/window mechanisms, glass replacement Heating Ac: HVAC system components, refrigerant handling, diagnosis and repair Procedures Included Maintenance: Scheduled maintenance intervals, fluid changes (oil, coolant, transmission, differential), filter replacements, spark plug service Troubleshooting: Diagnostic procedures for common drivability issues, electrical faults, mechanical problems, using diagnostic codes Repair Overhaul: Step-by-step instructions for major component repairs, engine rebuilds, transmission rebuilds, brake caliper replacement Diagnostics: Detailed diagnostic flowcharts and procedures for various systems, including OBD-I (on later models) interpretation Technical Data Specifications: Torque specifications, clearances, measurements, engine timing settings, diagnostic voltage readings Technical Depth Depth: Comprehensive, from basic maintenance to complete engine and transmission rebuilds, including electrical schematics 📊 Manual Specifications File Format File Type: Portable Document Format (PDF) Searchability: Searchable text (typically) Print Quality Print Readability: High quality, suitable for printing Binding Type Binding: N/A (Digital Download) Paper Type Paper Quality: N/A (Digital Download) ⚙️ Engine Specifications Primary Engine Engine Family: EA Series (EA71, EA81, EA82) Engine Configurations: Horizontally-opposed 4-cylinder (Boxer) Engine Displacements: 1.6L (1595cc), 1.8L (1769cc), 2.0L (1994cc, turbocharged) Performance Horsepower Range: Approx. 70-125 HP (naturally aspirated), 135 HP (turbocharged RX) Torque Range: Approx. 80-105 lb-ft (naturally aspirated), 145 lb-ft (turbocharged RX) Fuel System Fuel Delivery: Carbureted (early models), Single Point Fuel Injection (SPFI), Multi-Point Fuel Injection (MPFI) (later models) Fuel Type: Unleaded Gasoline Engine Internals Timing Drive: Timing Belt 🔧 Transmission Standard Transmission Types: 4-speed Manual, 5-speed Manual, 3-speed Automatic, 4-speed Automatic Optional Transfer Case: Dual Range 4WD (Part-time on some models), Full-time 4WD with viscous coupling center differential (on later AWD models) Features Clutch Type: Dry single plate (manual transmissions) Fluid Specifications Manual Transmission Fluid: API GL-4, SAE 75W-90 or 80W-90 (refer to manual for exact spec and capacity) Automatic Transmission Fluid: Dexron II/III equivalent (refer to manual for exact spec and capacity) Transfer Case Fluid: API GL-5, SAE 75W-90 or 80W-90 (refer to manual for exact spec and capacity) Differential Fluid: API GL-5, SAE 75W-90 or 80W-90 (refer to manual for exact spec and capacity) 📐 Dimensions Exterior Body Styles: 2-door Coupe, 4-door Sedan, 5-door Station Wagon, 2-door Coupe Utility (BRAT/Brat) Wheelbase Range: Approx. 96.2 - 96.5 inches Length Range: Approx. 160 - 175 inches (depending on body style) Weights Curb Weight Range: Approx. 2,100 - 2,800 lbs (depending on model and drivetrain) 🛡️ Safety Features Ratings Crash Test Data: Limited official data for this era; relied on passive restraint systems of the time Active Features Braking System: Front disc, rear drum (standard); optional rear disc brakes on some performance/luxury trims Passive Features Restraint Systems: Seat belts (lap and shoulder), optional driver-side airbag (late models), reinforced safety cage construction 💡 Technology Features Infotainment Audio System: Factory AM/FM/Cassette player, optional premium sound systems Driver Assistance ABS: Optional Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) on some later models, typically rear-wheel only or on specific trims. Connectivity Communication Systems: None (This era predates widespread modern connectivity features) 🔧 Maintenance Service Intervals Oil Change Interval: Every 3,000-5,000 miles or 3-6 months (refer to manual for specific engine/oil type) Timing Belt Replacement: Every 60,000 - 100,000 miles or 5-7 years (critical interval due to interference engine design on EA82) Coolant Flush: Every 2-3 years or 30,000-50,000 miles Fluid Specifications Engine Oil Specification:...
Founded in 1953, originally Fuji Heavy Industries, with roots in aircraft manufacturing.
Model Evolution
L Series Development:
Evolved from the Subaru Leone, representing Subaru's entry into the compact car market with unique AWD capabilities.
Generational Changes:
Key updates include adoption of fuel injection, more advanced AWD systems, styling revisions, and interior upgrades throughout the production run.
Transition To Loyale:
In 1990, the L-Series was rebadged as the Subaru Loyale, continuing with minor updates until 1994.
Production
Manufacturing Location:
Japan (Ota, Gunma Prefecture)
🏆 Awards & Recognition
Recognitions
Off Road Capabilities:
Praised in period reviews for its AWD system's capability relative to other compact cars/wagons, enabling light off-roading and superior traction in adverse weather.
Durability Reputation:
Gained a reputation for being durable and long-lasting, especially those with naturally aspirated engines and manual transmissions.
Ratings
Fuel Economy:
Competitive for its class and era, with AWD models slightly less economical than FWD counterparts. Specific MPG figures vary by engine and drivetrain.