🏷️ Basic Information Identification Make: BMW Model: 8 Series Chassis Code: E31 Production Years: 1990-1999 Covered Models: 840Ci, 850i, 850Ci, 850CSi, M8 Codes Engine Codes: M60, M70, M73 👋 Introduction Market Position Positioning: Premium grand tourer, targeting affluent buyers seeking performance, luxury, and advanced engineering Competitive Analysis Competitors: Mercedes-Benz SL-Class (R129), Jaguar XJS, Porsche 928 Key Features Design: Iconic long hood, short deck, low-slung profile, distinctive kidney grille, pop-up headlights Performance: Powerful V8 and V12 engines, sophisticated suspension, and advanced chassis dynamics Luxury: High-quality interior materials, advanced technology for its era, comfortable seating 📋 Manual Details Coverage Areas General: Comprehensive vehicle coverage from start to finish Page Count Estimated: Extensive (specific number not provided, but described as 'absolute wealth of information') Manual Type Type: Workshop Service & Repair Manual Language Language: English Format Format: Digital (PDF) 📖 Manual Coverage Systems Covered Engine: M60 (V8), M70 (V12), M73 (V12) - including maintenance, diagnostics, and repair Transmission: Gearbox & Clutch (Manual and Automatic Transmission Service and Repair) Cooling System: Radiator, coolant, fans, pumps, hoses, thermostat, diagnosis and repair Fuel System: Fuel injection, fuel pump, fuel lines, injectors, fuel pressure regulation, tank, emissions control Braking System: Hydraulic system, ABS, calipers, rotors, pads, lines, bleeding procedures, parking brake Suspension: Front and rear suspension components, shock absorbers, springs, control arms, steering linkage, wheel alignment Air Conditioning: Refrigerant system, compressor, condenser, evaporator, HVAC controls, diagnosis and service Electrical System: Wiring diagrams, battery, alternator, starter, lighting, fuses, relays, ECUs, body control modules, diagnostic port Body And Fixtures: Body panels, doors, windows, locks, mirrors, interior trim, convertible top mechanism (if applicable), seals Exhaust System: Exhaust manifolds, catalytic converters, mufflers, pipes, hangers, emissions components Wheels And Tires: Wheel specifications, tire sizes, mounting, balancing, pressure monitoring Maintenance: Scheduled maintenance, routine inspections, fluid checks and changes, filter replacements Technical Information: Specifications, torque values, diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs), wiring diagrams, component identification Procedures Included Repair: Step-by-step repair instructions for all major systems Diagnostics: Troubleshooting guides and diagnostic procedures for common and complex issues Rebuilds: Detailed procedures for engine, transmission, and component rebuilds Adjustments: Precise procedures for adjustments, such as valve clearances, idle speed, etc. Installation: Guidance on installing and replacing various components and parts Technical Depth Depth: Professional mechanic level, suitable for complex diagnostics and repairs, including exploded views and detailed illustrations 📊 Manual Specifications File Format Format: PDF Print Quality Quality: High-resolution, suitable for printing specific sections or the entire manual Binding Type Type: Digital download (printable) Paper Type Type: N/A (Digital) ⚙️ Engine Specifications Primary Engine 840Ci: M60B40, 4.0L V8, 282 hp @ 5800 rpm, 295 lb-ft @ 4500 rpm 850I/850Ci: M70B50, 5.0L V12, 296 hp @ 5200 rpm, 332 lb-ft @ 3900 rpm (later M73B54 5.4L V12 with 322 hp) 850Csi: S70B56, 5.6L V12, 375 hp @ 5300 rpm, 413 lb-ft @ 4000 rpm (Hand-built by BMW M GmbH) Performance Acceleration 0 60: Approx. 5.7-7.1 seconds (depending on model and transmission) Fuel System Type: Electronic Fuel Injection (Bosch Motronic) Premium Unleaded: Required for all engine variants 🔧 Transmission Standard 840Ci: 5-speed automatic (Steptronic available later) 850I/850Ci: 6-speed manual or 4-speed automatic 850Csi: 6-speed manual only Features Sport Mode: Available on automatic transmissions for enhanced performance shifting 📐 Dimensions Exterior Length: Approx. 191.1 inches (4854 mm) Width: Approx. 71.7 inches (1821 mm) Height: Approx. 52.5 inches (1333 mm) Weights Curb Weight: Approx. 3,800 - 4,500 lbs (1724 - 2041 kg) depending on engine and options 🛡️ Safety Features Ratings Crash Test: Not extensively tested by modern standards, but built with robust safety cage and crumple zones for its era. Active Features ABS: Standard Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) Asc: Available Automatic Stability Control (ASC+T on later models) Passive Features Airbags: Driver and passenger airbags (standard on later models, optional on early) Seatbelts: Three-point inertia-reel seatbelts 💡 Technology Features Infotainment Radio: Integrated radio/cassette/CD player with potential for early navigation systems (CCC) on later models. Climate Control: Dual-zone automatic climate control Driver Assistance Cruise Control: Standard electronic cruise control Connectivity Telematics: Early integration of telephone systems and BMW Assist on some models. 🔧 Maintenance Service Intervals Oil Change: Typically every 7,500-10,000 miles (12,000-16,000 km) or annually, per Condition Based Service (CBS) system if equipped, or as per manual. Spark Plugs: Varies by engine; M60/M70 typically 30,000-60,000 miles, M73/S70 may have longer intervals. Refer to manual for specific recommendations. Coolant Flush: Every 2-3 years or as specified by BMW. Fluid Specifications Engine Oil: BMW Longlife-98 (LL-98) or LL-01 specification. Viscosity typically 5W-30 or 5W-40, refer to manual for exact grade. Transmission Fluid Auto: BMW ATF LT 71141 or equivalent (Dexron III for some early models). Consult manual for specific transmission type. Brake Fluid: DOT 4 or DOT 5.1 Coolant: BMW Blue Antifreeze/Coolant (ethylene glycol based) mixed with distilled water. Known Issues Cooling System: Cracking of plastic coolant expansion tanks, aging hoses, water pump failures....