Subaru Legacy and Outback 2012 Service Repair Manual

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🏷️ Basic Information Identification Make: Subaru Model: Outback Year: 2012 Codes Model Code Legacy Sedan: BM/BR Model Code Outback Wagon: BR 👋 Introduction Market Position Vehicle Segment: Mid-size sedan (Legacy) and mid-size crossover wagon/SUV (Outback). Target Audience: Individuals and families seeking reliable, all-wheel-drive capable vehicles with practical utility and safety features. Competitive Analysis Key Competitors: Toyota Camry, Honda Accord, Ford Fusion (Legacy); Toyota RAV4, Honda CR-V, Ford Escape (Outback). Key Features Standard AWD: Subaru's hallmark Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive system as standard on most trims. Horizontally Opposed Engine: Boxer engine design contributing to a lower center of gravity. Ground Clearance Outback: Increased ground clearance for the Outback model, enhancing off-road and adverse weather capability. 📋 Manual Details Coverage Areas Manual Type: Factory Service Manual Language: English Format: Digital (PDF assumed based on typical offerings for this era) Page Count Estimated Page Count: ~2000+ pages (typical for comprehensive factory manuals) 📖 Manual Coverage Systems Covered Engine Mechanical: All engine components, disassembly, assembly, inspection, and overhaul procedures for all engine variants. Engine Management: Fuel injection, ignition system, emissions control, sensor diagnostics, ECU troubleshooting. Transmission Manual: All components, repair procedures, clutch system, torque specifications for manual transmissions. Transmission Automatic: All components, repair procedures, valve body, torque converter, transmission control module (TCM), fluid service for automatic transmissions. Drivetrain AWD: Front and rear differentials, driveshafts, wheel hubs, center differential (if applicable), AWD system diagnostics. Suspension: Front and rear suspension components, shock absorbers, springs, control arms, bushings, wheel alignment procedures. Steering: Power steering system (hydraulic or electric), steering rack, tie rods, steering column, troubleshooting. Brakes: Front and rear brake systems (disc/disc), ABS, VDC (Vehicle Dynamics Control), brake fluid service, caliper and rotor replacement. Electrical System: Battery, charging system, starter, lighting systems, power windows, mirrors, seats, wipers, horn. Body Interior: Interior trim removal/installation, seating systems, dashboard, door panels, headliner, carpeting. Body Exterior: Body panels, bumpers, fenders, hood, trunk lid, doors, glass replacement, seals. HVAC: Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system diagnosis and repair, refrigerant service, blower motor, evaporator, condenser. Safety Systems: Airbag system diagnosis and replacement, seatbelt mechanisms, SRS module. Chassis Electrical: Wiring diagrams, fuses, relays, control modules, CAN bus communication. Procedures Included Routine Maintenance: Oil and filter changes, air filter replacement, spark plug replacement, coolant flushes, brake fluid flush, differential fluid changes. Troubleshooting: Diagnostic charts, symptom-based troubleshooting guides, error code interpretations. Repair Overhaul: Detailed step-by-step instructions for engine rebuilds, transmission overhauls, brake caliper replacement, suspension component replacement. Component Replacement: Headlight/taillight bulb replacement, wiper blade replacement, battery replacement, alternator replacement, starter replacement. Diagnostics: OBD-II system diagnostics, sensor testing, actuator testing, circuit testing. Wheel Alignment: Specifications and procedures for front and rear wheel alignment. Tire Service: Tire pressure specifications, rotation procedures, wheel balancing. Technical Depth Diagnostic Capability: Advanced diagnostic procedures for engine, transmission, ABS, VDC, and other electronic control units. Rebuild Procedures: Comprehensive rebuild procedures for major mechanical components like engines and transmissions. Wiring Diagrams: Detailed electrical wiring diagrams for all vehicle systems. Torque Specifications: All critical torque specifications for fasteners and components. Special Tools: Identification and use of specialized tools required for certain repairs. 📊 Manual Specifications File Format File Type: PDF Searchability: Searchable text content for quick information retrieval. Print Quality Diagram Clarity: High-resolution, clear diagrams and illustrations. Text Readability: Easy-to-read text sections. Binding Type Binding Method: Digital download (no physical binding). Paper Type Paper Quality: N/A (Digital) ⚙️ Engine Specifications Primary Engine Engine Option 1: 2.5L DOHC 16-valve Boxer 4-cylinder (EJ25) Engine Option 2: 3.6L DOHC 24-valve Boxer 6-cylinder (EZ36) Performance 2 5L Horsepower 2 5L: 170 hp @ 5,800 rpm Torque 2 5L: 170 lb-ft @ 4,000 rpm Performance 3 6L Horsepower 3 6L: 256 hp @ 6,000 rpm Torque 3 6L: 247 lb-ft @ 4,400 rpm Fuel System Fuel Delivery: Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) Recommended Fuel: 87 Octane (for 2.5L), 87 Octane (for 3.6L - premium recommended for optimal performance) Engine Management ECU Type: Subaru Engine Control Module (ECM) 🔧 Transmission Standard Transmission Type 2 5L: 6-speed Manual Transmission (TY756VR1AA) Transmission Type 3 6L: 5-speed Automatic Transmission (Sportshift with paddle shifters) Optional Transmission Type 2 5L Optional: Lineartronic CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission) with paddle shifters Features AWD System Type: Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive with electronically controlled multi-plate transfer clutch (CVT) or viscous coupling center differential (Manual/Automatic). Fluid Specifications Manual Transmission Fluid: API GL-5, SAE 75W-90 (check specific model for exact spec, e.g., Subaru Extra-S or equivalent) Automatic Transmission Fluid: Subaru ATF HP (or equivalent specification from manufacturer) Cvt Fluid: Subaru CVT Fluid (NS-2 or NS-3 equivalent, verify specific CVT model) 📐 Dimensions Exterior Legacy Sedan Length: Approx. 186.4 inches (4735 mm) Width: Approx. 70.5 inches (1790 mm) Height: Approx. 58.1 inches (1475 mm) Exterior Outback Length: Approx. 188.4 inches (4785 mm) Width: Approx. 71.7 inches (1820 mm) Height: Approx. 63.4 inches (1610 mm) Ground Clearance: 8.7 inches (221 mm) Wheel Base Wheelbase: 108.3 inches (2750...

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Description

🏷️ Basic Information

Identification

Make:

Subaru

Model:

Outback

Year:

Codes

Model Code Legacy Sedan:

BM/BR

Model Code Outback Wagon:

👋 Introduction

Market Position

Vehicle Segment:

Mid-size sedan (Legacy) and mid-size crossover wagon/SUV (Outback).

Target Audience:

Individuals and families seeking reliable, all-wheel-drive capable vehicles with practical utility and safety features.

Competitive Analysis

Key Competitors:

Toyota Camry, Honda Accord, Ford Fusion (Legacy); Toyota RAV4, Honda CR-V, Ford Escape (Outback).

Key Features

Standard AWD:

Subaru's hallmark Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive system as standard on most trims.

Horizontally Opposed Engine:

Boxer engine design contributing to a lower center of gravity.

Ground Clearance Outback:

Increased ground clearance for the Outback model, enhancing off-road and adverse weather capability.

📋 Manual Details

Coverage Areas

Manual Type:

Factory Service Manual

Language:

English

Format:

Digital (PDF assumed based on typical offerings for this era)

Page Count

Estimated Page Count:

~2000+ pages (typical for comprehensive factory manuals)

📖 Manual Coverage

Systems Covered

Engine Mechanical:

All engine components, disassembly, assembly, inspection, and overhaul procedures for all engine variants.

Engine Management:

Fuel injection, ignition system, emissions control, sensor diagnostics, ECU troubleshooting.

Transmission Manual:

All components, repair procedures, clutch system, torque specifications for manual transmissions.

Transmission Automatic:

All components, repair procedures, valve body, torque converter, transmission control module (TCM), fluid service for automatic transmissions.

Drivetrain AWD:

Front and rear differentials, driveshafts, wheel hubs, center differential (if applicable), AWD system diagnostics.

Suspension:

Front and rear suspension components, shock absorbers, springs, control arms, bushings, wheel alignment procedures.

Steering:

Power steering system (hydraulic or electric), steering rack, tie rods, steering column, troubleshooting.

Brakes:

Front and rear brake systems (disc/disc), ABS, VDC (Vehicle Dynamics Control), brake fluid service, caliper and rotor replacement.

Electrical System:

Battery, charging system, starter, lighting systems, power windows, mirrors, seats, wipers, horn.

Body Interior:

Interior trim removal/installation, seating systems, dashboard, door panels, headliner, carpeting.

Body Exterior:

Body panels, bumpers, fenders, hood, trunk lid, doors, glass replacement, seals.

HVAC:

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system diagnosis and repair, refrigerant service, blower motor, evaporator, condenser.

Safety Systems:

Airbag system diagnosis and replacement, seatbelt mechanisms, SRS module.

Chassis Electrical:

Wiring diagrams, fuses, relays, control modules, CAN bus communication.

Procedures Included

Routine Maintenance:

Oil and filter changes, air filter replacement, spark plug replacement, coolant flushes, brake fluid flush, differential fluid changes.

Troubleshooting:

Diagnostic charts, symptom-based troubleshooting guides, error code interpretations.

Repair Overhaul:

Detailed step-by-step instructions for engine rebuilds, transmission overhauls, brake caliper replacement, suspension component replacement.

Component Replacement:

Headlight/taillight bulb replacement, wiper blade replacement, battery replacement, alternator replacement, starter replacement.

Diagnostics:

OBD-II system diagnostics, sensor testing, actuator testing, circuit testing.

Wheel Alignment:

Specifications and procedures for front and rear wheel alignment.

Tire Service:

Tire pressure specifications, rotation procedures, wheel balancing.

Technical Depth

Diagnostic Capability:

Advanced diagnostic procedures for engine, transmission, ABS, VDC, and other electronic control units.

Rebuild Procedures:

Comprehensive rebuild procedures for major mechanical components like engines and transmissions.

Wiring Diagrams:

Detailed electrical wiring diagrams for all vehicle systems.

Torque Specifications:

All critical torque specifications for fasteners and components.

Special Tools:

Identification and use of specialized tools required for certain repairs.

📊 Manual Specifications

File Format

File Type:

Searchability:

Searchable text content for quick information retrieval.

Print Quality

Diagram Clarity:

High-resolution, clear diagrams and illustrations.

Text Readability:

Easy-to-read text sections.

Binding Type

Binding Method:

Digital download (no physical binding).

Paper Type

Paper Quality:

N/A (Digital)

⚙️ Engine Specifications

Primary Engine

Engine Option 1:

2.5L DOHC 16-valve Boxer 4-cylinder (EJ25)

Engine Option 2:

3.6L DOHC 24-valve Boxer 6-cylinder (EZ36)

Performance 2 5L

Horsepower 2 5L:

170 hp @ 5,800 rpm

Torque 2 5L:

170 lb-ft @ 4,000 rpm

Performance 3 6L

Horsepower 3 6L:

256 hp @ 6,000 rpm

Torque 3 6L:

247 lb-ft @ 4,400 rpm

Fuel System

Fuel Delivery:

Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI)

Recommended Fuel:

87 Octane (for 2.5L), 87 Octane (for 3.6L - premium recommended for optimal performance)

Engine Management

ECU Type:

Subaru Engine Control Module (ECM)

🔧 Transmission

Standard

Transmission Type 2 5L:

6-speed Manual Transmission (TY756VR1AA)

Transmission Type 3 6L:

5-speed Automatic Transmission (Sportshift with paddle shifters)

Optional

Transmission Type 2 5L Optional:

Lineartronic CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission) with paddle shifters

Features

AWD System Type:

Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive with electronically controlled multi-plate transfer clutch (CVT) or viscous coupling center differential (Manual/Automatic).

Fluid Specifications

Manual Transmission Fluid:

API GL-5, SAE 75W-90 (check specific model for exact spec, e.g., Subaru Extra-S or equivalent)

Automatic Transmission Fluid:

Subaru ATF HP (or equivalent specification from manufacturer)

Cvt Fluid:

Subaru CVT Fluid (NS-2 or NS-3 equivalent, verify specific CVT model)

📐 Dimensions

Exterior Legacy Sedan

Length:

Approx. 186.4 inches (4735 mm)

Width:

Approx. 70.5 inches (1790 mm)

Height:

Approx. 58.1 inches (1475 mm)

Exterior Outback

Length:

Approx. 188.4 inches (4785 mm)

Width:

Approx. 71.7 inches (1820 mm)

Height:

Approx. 63.4 inches (1610 mm)

Ground Clearance:

8.7 inches (221 mm)

Wheel Base

Wheelbase:

108.3 inches (2750 mm)

Weights

Curb Weight 2 5L Mt:

Approx. 3,362 lbs (1525 kg)

Curb Weight 2 5L Cvt:

Approx. 3,395 lbs (1539 kg)

Curb Weight 3 6L At:

Approx. 3,579 lbs (1623 kg)

Cargo Outback

Cargo Volume Rear Seats Up:

Approx. 34.5 cubic feet (977 liters)

Cargo Volume Rear Seats Down:

Approx. 70.3 cubic feet (1991 liters)

🛡️ Safety Features

Ratings

NHTSA Overall Rating Legacy:

5-Star (for models equipped with specific safety features, consult specific trim data)

IIHS Top Safety Pick Legacy:

Yes (for many 2012 models)

Active Features

Vehicle Dynamics Control (Traction Control and Stability Control)

Anti-lock Braking System

Electronic Brake-force Distribution

Brake Assist:

Brake Assist System

Passive Features

Airbags:

Advanced Frontal Airbags, Front Side-Impact Airbags, Side-Curtain Airbags (front and rear), Active Front Head Restraints.

Seatbelts:

3-point height-adjustable front seatbelts with pretensioners and load limiters, rear 3-point seatbelts.

💡 Technology Features

Infotainment

Infotainment System:

Optional touchscreen navigation system with Bluetooth connectivity, USB/iPod integration, and auxiliary audio input.

Audio System:

Various audio system options, including premium speaker upgrades and SiriusXM Satellite Radio.

Driver Assistance

Available Features:

Rearview camera (on some trims), fog lights, auto-dimming rearview mirror with compass.

Connectivity

Bluetooth:

Bluetooth hands-free phone and audio streaming capabilities.

Usb Ipod Integration:

USB port for audio playback and iPod connectivity.

🔧 Maintenance

Service Intervals

Oil Change Interval:

Every 3,750 miles or 3.75 months for severe driving, or 7,500 miles or 7.5 months for normal driving (check owner's manual for exact details).

Engine Air Filter Replacement:

Every 15,000 miles or 15 months for severe driving, or 30,000 miles or 30 months for normal driving.

Cabin Air Filter Replacement:

Every 7,500 miles or 7.5 months, or annually.

Spark Plug Replacement 2 5L:

Iridium spark plugs: 60,000 miles.

Spark Plug Replacement 3 6L:

Iridium spark plugs: 60,000 miles.

Brake Fluid Replacement:

Every 30,000 miles or 30 months.

Coolant Replacement:

Subaru Super Coolant: First change at 137,500 miles or 11 years, then every 75,000 miles or 5 years.

Transmission Fluid Change At:

Refer to manual for specific intervals, typically around 30,000-60,000 miles depending on driving conditions.

Differential Fluid Change Front Rear:

Refer to manual for specific intervals, typically around 30,000-60,000 miles depending on driving conditions.

Fluid Specifications

Engine Oil 2 5L:

SAE 0W-20 (API SN or SP)

Engine Oil 3 6L:

SAE 0W-20 (API SN or SP)

Coolant Type:

Subaru Super Coolant (Blue) or equivalent silicate-free, long-life coolant.

Known Issues

Head Gaskets:

While less prevalent in the EJ25 compared to earlier generations, potential for minor coolant leaks or internal leaks can still occur. The 3.6L EZ36 engine generally does not suffer from head gasket issues.

Cvt Issues:

Some early CVT models could exhibit hesitation or premature wear if not properly maintained with the correct fluid.

Suspension Wear:

Like many vehicles, suspension components (bushings, ball joints, tie rod ends) can wear over time, especially with higher mileage or aggressive driving.

📚 Vehicle History

Brand Heritage

Subaru History:

Subaru, a division of Subaru Corporation (formerly Fuji Heavy Industries), has a long history of engineering innovation, particularly in the automotive sector, known for its commitment to safety and its unique Boxer engine and Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive.

Model Evolution

Legacy Evolution:

The Subaru Legacy, introduced in 1989, has evolved through multiple generations, consistently offering standard AWD and a focus on practicality and safety. The 2012 model represents the fifth generation (BP/BL for the prior generation, BM/BR for this generation).

Outback Evolution:

Originally introduced as a trim level of the Legacy wagon, the Outback became its own distinct model. The 2012 Outback is also part of the fifth generation, distinguished by its higher ground clearance, rugged styling cues, and enhanced utility.

Production

Assembly Location:

Gunma Plant, Japan

🏆 Awards & Recognition

Recognitions

IIHS Award:

Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) Top Safety Pick for multiple years in this generation.

Ratings

Kelley Blue Book Value:

Consistently recognized for strong resale value.

Certifications

Epa Fuel Economy 2 5L Mt:

Approx. 22 MPG City / 29 MPG Highway

Epa Fuel Economy 2 5L Cvt:

Approx. 23 MPG City / 31 MPG Highway

Epa Fuel Economy 3 6L At:

Approx. 18 MPG City / 25 MPG Highway