🏷️ Basic Information Identification Make: Volvo Model: 940 Year: 1991 Codes Chassis Code: Type 130 Engine Code Common: B230FK (Turbocharged), B230F (Naturally Aspirated) 👋 Introduction Market Position Segment: Mid-size luxury sedan/wagon (often marketed as a premium family vehicle). Usp: Renowned for safety, durability, and a comfortable, robust driving experience. Competitive Analysis Key Competitors: BMW 3 Series, Mercedes-Benz 190E, Audi 80/90, Saab 900 Key Features Durability: Built to last with robust construction and reliable powertrains. Safety: Volvo's signature commitment to safety, often including side-impact protection and robust crumple zones. Comfort: Comfortable ride quality and supportive seating, ideal for long-distance travel. 📋 Manual Details Coverage Areas Primary Coverage: Owner's Manual Secondary Coverage: Basic maintenance, operation, safety features, controls, dashboard indicators, emergency procedures Page Count Estimated Pages: Approximately 200-250 Manual Type Type: Owner's Manual Language Language: English Format Format: Printed Booklet 📖 Manual Coverage Systems Covered Engine Operation: Starting, stopping, normal operation, break-in procedures Transmission Operation: Automatic (AW70/71) and Manual (M46/M47) transmission operation, gear selection Braking System: Parking brake, ABS (if equipped) operation and warnings Electrical System: Dashboard lights, indicator meanings, basic fuse identification (location within the manual) Climate Control: HVAC system operation, ventilation, heating, air conditioning Lighting: Headlights, taillights, interior lighting, fog lights (if equipped) Safety Features: Seat belts, airbags (if equipped), child safety seat installation basics Instrument Panel: Gauges, warning lights, control layout explanation Exterior Features: Doors, windows, sunroof, mirrors, locks Interior Features: Seats, steering wheel, dashboard controls, audio system basics Procedures Included Routine Maintenance: Checking fluid levels (oil, coolant, brake fluid, washer fluid), tire pressure checks, wiper blade replacement guidance Emergency Procedures: Jump starting, changing a flat tire, basic troubleshooting for starting issues Fueling: Correct fuel type, refueling instructions Cleaning: Interior and exterior cleaning recommendations Technical Depth Depth: Owner-level information for safe and efficient operation and basic upkeep. Does not include detailed repair procedures or diagnostic fault codes. 📊 Manual Specifications File Format Digital Format Availability: Original printed format. PDF versions may be available elsewhere. Print Quality Print Quality: Original factory print quality. Binding Type Binding: Typically saddle-stitched or perfect bound paperback. Paper Type Paper: Standard matte finish paper typical of automotive manuals. ⚙️ Engine Specifications Primary Engine Engine Type: Inline 4-cylinder, SOHC, 2 valves per cylinder (B230 series) Engine Family: Volvo Redblock Performance Displacement Na: 2.3 Liters (2316 cc) Horsepower Na: Approx. 114-130 hp @ 5000 rpm (depending on specific market/tuning) Torque Na: Approx. 190 Nm (140 lb-ft) @ 2500 rpm Displacement Turbo: 2.3 Liters (2316 cc) Horsepower Turbo: Approx. 165 hp @ 5000 rpm (B230FK) Torque Turbo: Approx. 270 Nm (200 lb-ft) @ 2500 rpm (B230FK) Fuel System Fuel Injection: Bosch LH Jetronic fuel injection Fuel Type: Unleaded gasoline (Octane rating specified in manual, typically 91 RON or higher recommended) Technical Details Engine Block Material: Cast Iron Cylinder Head Material: Aluminum Alloy 🔧 Transmission Standard Transmission Type: 4-speed Automatic (AW71L with overdrive) or 5-speed Manual (M46 with overdrive, often called 'jive') on some models. Optional Optional Transmission: 5-speed Manual (M47) Features Overdrive: Both automatic and manual transmissions typically feature overdrive for improved fuel economy. 📐 Dimensions Exterior Length: Approx. 4870 mm (191.7 in) Width: Approx. 1750 mm (68.9 in) Height: Approx. 1420 mm (55.9 in) Wheelbase: Approx. 2770 mm (109.1 in) Cargo Trunk Volume Sedan: Approx. 0.51 m³ (18 cu ft) Weights Curb Weight: Approx. 1350-1450 kg (2976-3197 lbs), depending on body style and equipment. 🛡️ Safety Features Ratings Crash Test Information: Volvo vehicles of this era consistently received high safety ratings for their time. Specific NHTSA/IIHS ratings for the 1991 940 are not readily available but it benefited from Volvo's strong safety engineering. Active Features ABS: Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) was optional on many models. Passive Features Airbags: Driver's side airbag was standard or optional depending on market and trim level. Seat Belts: Three-point inertia-reel seat belts for all outboard positions. Volvo's integrated seat belt design was a hallmark. Side Impact Protection: Reinforced A, B, and C pillars, along with door beams. 💡 Technology Features Infotainment Audio System: Factory-installed AM/FM stereo with cassette player. Often featured prominent speaker integration. Dashboard Controls: Analog gauges, physical buttons and knobs for climate control, radio, and other functions. Driver Assistance Cruise Control: Standard on most models, allowing for set-speed highway driving. Connectivity Connectivity Features: Limited by era; primarily focused on basic car functions and audio playback. No integrated Bluetooth or smartphone connectivity. 🔧 Maintenance Service Intervals Oil Change Interval: Typically every 5,000-7,500 miles (8,000-12,000 km) or 6-12 months, whichever comes first. Consult manual for specific oil type and viscosity. Engine Coolant Change: Recommended every 2-3 years or 30,000-50,000 miles (48,000-80,000 km). Timing Belt Replacement: Not applicable; the B230 Redblock engines use a timing chain, which is designed for the life of the engine but should be checked for tension and noise. Fluid Specifications Engine Oil Type: Refer to manual. Typically 5W-30...