🏷️ Basic Information Identification Make: BMW Model: 5-series Chassis Code: E28 Model Year: 1981 Codes Production Codes: Covers all E28 models produced in or around 1981, including variations of sedans and potentially early touring models if applicable to the 1981 production run. 👋 Introduction Market Position Positioning: The BMW E28 5-series represented BMW's commitment to the executive sedan market, blending sporty driving dynamics with luxury and comfort. It was positioned as a premium offering against competitors like Mercedes-Benz's W123/W124 and Audi's 100. Competitive Analysis Competitors: Key competitors included the Mercedes-Benz W123/W124, Audi 100, Jaguar XJ, and Volvo 240/260 series. The E28 stood out for its superior handling and driver engagement. Key Features Design Philosophy: The E28 continued the 'Neue Klasse' design language, characterized by its clean lines, Hofmeister kink, and driver-focused cockpit. It offered a balance of aerodynamic efficiency and classic BMW aesthetics. Performance Focus: Renowned for its sophisticated suspension and powerful inline-six engines, the E28 offered a dynamic driving experience that set it apart in its class. 📋 Manual Details Coverage Areas Coverage: Comprehensive A-Z coverage for all repairs and maintenance. Vehicle-specific, not generic. Page Count Page Count: Unknown (specific page count not provided in product information, but implied to be extensive for A-Z coverage). Manual Type Type: Service and Repair Manual Language Language: English Format Format: Likely printed format, consistent with dealership technician manuals of the era. Potential for digital distribution in modern sales contexts. 📖 Manual Coverage Systems Covered Engine And Drivetrain: Detailed procedures for engine repair, overhaul, tuning, cooling system, lubrication system, fuel system (including injection systems for applicable models), exhaust system, and drivetrain components (clutch, gearbox, driveshafts, differentials). Chassis And Suspension: Coverage of steering system, front and rear suspension, shock absorbers, springs, bushings, wheel bearings, and alignment specifications. Brakes: Complete brake system diagnostics, repair, and overhaul for front and rear brakes (likely disc brakes for most E28 models of this era), including hydraulic systems, parking brake, and any ABS components if present in early models. Electrical System: Extensive coverage of the vehicle's electrical system, including wiring diagrams, battery, charging system (alternator), starting system, ignition system, lighting, instrumentation, power accessories, and troubleshooting for electrical faults. Body And Interior: Procedures for body panel repair, dent removal, rust repair, glass replacement, door mechanisms, interior trim, upholstery, seats, and climate control system. Fuel And Emissions: Details on fuel pumps, fuel pressure regulators, injectors, emissions control systems (e.g., EGR, catalytic converters if fitted), and evaporative emission control systems. Procedures Included Maintenance: Routine maintenance, preventative maintenance, oil changes, filter replacements, spark plug replacement, coolant flushes, brake fluid changes, and lubrication schedules. Troubleshooting: Systematic diagnostic procedures and fault finding for common and uncommon issues across all vehicle systems. Repair And Overhaul: Detailed step-by-step instructions for component repair, replacement, and complete overhaul of major mechanical and electrical assemblies. Specifications And Tolerances: Precise technical specifications, torque values, clearances, fluid capacities, and operating parameters required for accurate servicing and repair. Engine Diagnostics: Detailed diagnostic trees for common engine performance issues, including fuel delivery, ignition timing, air intake, and emissions control. Suspension And Steering Adjustment: Procedures for checking and adjusting wheel alignment, replacing suspension components (ball joints, control arms, tie rods), and servicing the power steering system. Electrical Component Testing: Methods for testing alternators, starter motors, ignition coils, sensors, relays, and other electrical components using multimeters and specialized test equipment. Body Repair Techniques: Guidance on welding, metal fabrication, panel alignment, and installation of new body panels. Air Conditioning Service: Procedures for servicing the A/C system, including refrigerant handling (if applicable to the era's refrigerants), component replacement, and leak detection. Technical Depth Depth: Dealership-level technical depth, suitable for professional technicians and advanced DIY enthusiasts. Covers everything from basic adjustments to complete engine and transmission rebuilds. Rebuild Instructions: Includes complete engine rebuild procedures, with specifications for honing cylinder bores, checking piston ring end gaps, bearing clearances, and valve seat geometry. Torque Specifications: Comprehensive list of torque specifications for all critical fasteners, including cylinder head bolts, main bearing caps, and suspension components. Troubleshooting Charts: Flowcharts and tables to help diagnose symptoms and pinpoint the root cause of various vehicle malfunctions. 📊 Manual Specifications File Format File Format: Likely original print format. Modern reproductions may be PDF or other digital formats. Print Quality Print Quality: Original dealership manuals were typically printed on high-quality, durable paper with clear diagrams and text. Binding Type Binding Type: Likely bound for durability, possibly spiral-bound or hardcover, to withstand frequent use in a workshop environment. Paper Type Paper Type: Sturdy, often glossy or semi-gloss paper for diagrams and photographs. ⚙️ Engine Specifications Primary Engine Engine Families: M20 (4-cylinder and 6-cylinder) and M30 (6-cylinder) inline engines. Specific to 1981, common engines would include M20B20 (2.0L), M20B23 (2.3L), and M30B32 (3.2L). Performance Horsepower Torque Examples: Example: 520i (M20B20) ~122 hp, 528i (M30B28) ~181 hp, 535i (M30B34) ~215...