1982-1991 Porsche 944 Workshop Service Repair Manual

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🏷️ Basic Information Identification Make: Porsche Model: 944 Model Years Covered: 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991 Chassis Codes: 944 (early), 944S, 944S2, 944 Turbo (951), 944 Turbo S (952) 👋 Introduction Market Position Market Segment: Sporty rear-wheel-drive coupe and convertible, premium entry-level sports car. Competitive Analysis Competitors 1980S: Chevrolet Corvette (C4), Nissan 300ZX (Z31), Toyota Supra (Mk2/Mk3), Mazda RX-7 (FC), BMW 3 Series (E30). Key Features Design Philosophy: Transaxle layout for balanced weight distribution, shared platform with the Porsche 924. Value Proposition: Offers Porsche performance and handling at a more accessible price point than 911 models. Manual Value Cost Savings: Inexpensive way to maintain and repair the vehicle, reducing reliance on costly dealership services. 📋 Manual Details Coverage Areas Manual Type: Workshop Service Repair Manual Manual Coverage Scope: Comprehensive factory service and repair information Language: English Format: PDF Download Accessibility: Printable pages 📖 Manual Coverage Systems Covered Engine Mechanical: Engine assembly, disassembly, component replacement, timing belt, lubrication system, cooling system, fuel injection system (CIS and DME), exhaust system. Engine Performance: Diagnosis and tuning, emissions control, turbocharger systems (for Turbo models). Transmission: Manual transmission (G50 for later models, 016 for earlier models), automatic transmission (optional), clutch system, driveshafts, differential. Brakes: Hydraulic system, brake lines, master cylinder, calipers, rotors, parking brake, ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) diagnosis and repair. Suspension: Front suspension (McPherson struts, control arms, anti-roll bar), rear suspension (trailing arms, semi-trailing arms, torsion bars, dampers), wheel bearings, alignment specifications. Steering: Power steering system, steering rack, steering column, tie rods, universal joints. Electrical System: Battery, charging system (alternator, regulator), starting system, ignition system, lighting, gauges, horn, wipers, power windows, central locking. Fuel System: Fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel lines, fuel filter, fuel accumulator, fuel injectors, fuel pressure regulator. Cooling System: Radiator, coolant hoses, thermostat, water pump, coolant reservoir, heater core. Exhaust System: Exhaust manifold, catalytic converter, muffler, exhaust pipes, oxygen sensors. Body And Chassis: Body panel removal and installation, doors, hood, trunk, bumpers, interior trim, glass, sunroof, sound deadening. HVAC: Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, A/C compressor, condenser, evaporator, refrigerant, climate controls. Troubleshooting: Diagnostic procedures, fault codes (where applicable), wiring diagrams, component testing. Procedures Included Maintenance: Routine maintenance, fluid changes, filter replacements, belt adjustments, spark plug replacement. Repair: Component-level repair and replacement for all major systems. Overhaul: Engine and transmission overhaul procedures. Diagnostics: Step-by-step diagnostic flows for common and uncommon issues. Specifications: Torque specifications, clearances, fluid capacities, electrical tolerances. Wiring Diagrams: Detailed electrical wiring schematics for all vehicle systems. Technical Depth Depth: Factory-level detail, suitable for complete vehicle disassembly and reassembly. Illustrations: Hundreds of photos and diagrams for visual guidance. User Target: Do-it-yourself enthusiasts and experienced professional mechanics. 📊 Manual Specifications File Format File Type: PDF Operating Systems: Compatible with all PC-based Windows operating systems and Mac. Print Quality Printability: All pages are printable. Binding Type Binding: N/A (Digital Download) Paper Type Paper Quality: N/A (Digital Download) Completeness Completeness Level: 100% complete and intact. ⚙️ Engine Specifications Primary Engine Engine Code Early: M44.01/02 (2.5L Naturally Aspirated) Engine Displacement Early: 2.5 Liters (2479 cc) Engine Configuration Early: Inline-4 (Four-Cylinder) Engine Type Early: Naturally Aspirated Horsepower Early: 143 hp @ 5500 rpm (early models), 150 hp @ 5500 rpm (later naturally aspirated models) Torque Early: 170 lb-ft @ 3000 rpm (early models), 170 lb-ft @ 4000 rpm (later naturally aspirated models) 944S Engine Code 944S: M44.03 Engine Displacement 944S: 2.5 Liters (2479 cc) Engine Type 944S: 16-Valve Naturally Aspirated Horsepower 944S: 190 hp @ 6000 rpm Torque 944S: 181 lb-ft @ 4500 rpm 944S2 Engine Code 944S2: M44.04 Engine Displacement 944S2: 2.7 Liters (2681 cc) Engine Type 944S2: 16-Valve Naturally Aspirated Horsepower 944S2: 208 hp @ 6000 rpm Torque 944S2: 207 lb-ft @ 4000 rpm 944 Turbo Engine Code 944 Turbo: M44.51 (951) Engine Displacement 944 Turbo: 2.5 Liters (2479 cc) Engine Type 944 Turbo: Turbocharged Inline-4 Horsepower 944 Turbo: 217 hp @ 6000 rpm Torque 944 Turbo: 245 lb-ft @ 3500 rpm 944 Turbo S Engine Code 944 Turbo S: M44.52 (952) Engine Displacement 944 Turbo S: 2.5 Liters (2479 cc) Engine Type 944 Turbo S: Turbocharged Inline-4 with larger turbo and intercooler Horsepower 944 Turbo S: 247 hp @ 6000 rpm Torque 944 Turbo S: 258 lb-ft @ 3000 rpm Fuel System Fuel Delivery Early: Bosch CIS-Jetronic (Continuous Injection System) Fuel Delivery Late: Bosch DME (Digital Motor Electronics) with multi-point fuel injection on some later models and S2/Turbo variants. Fuel Type Requirement: Premium Unleaded Gasoline (91+ Octane) Engine Internals Timing Belt System: Dual overhead camshafts (DOHC) driven by a timing belt; crucial maintenance item with specific replacement intervals. 🔧 Transmission Standard Transmission Type Early: 5-speed Manual Transaxle (Type 016) Transmission Type Late: 5-speed Manual Transaxle (Type G50 for some models, particularly 944 Turbo S and some late S2s) Optional Transmission Type Optional: 3-speed Automatic Transaxle...

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Sku: 390482

Collections: ALL Porsche

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Tags: 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 944 Car Cars Porsche

Product variants

Description

🏷️ Basic Information

Identification

Make:

Porsche

Model:

Model Years Covered:

1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991

Chassis Codes:

944 (early), 944S, 944S2, 944 Turbo (951), 944 Turbo S (952)

👋 Introduction

Market Position

Market Segment:

Sporty rear-wheel-drive coupe and convertible, premium entry-level sports car.

Competitive Analysis

Competitors 1980S:

Chevrolet Corvette (C4), Nissan 300ZX (Z31), Toyota Supra (Mk2/Mk3), Mazda RX-7 (FC), BMW 3 Series (E30).

Key Features

Design Philosophy:

Transaxle layout for balanced weight distribution, shared platform with the Porsche 924.

Value Proposition:

Offers Porsche performance and handling at a more accessible price point than 911 models.

Manual Value

Cost Savings:

Inexpensive way to maintain and repair the vehicle, reducing reliance on costly dealership services.

📋 Manual Details

Coverage Areas

Manual Type:

Workshop Service Repair Manual

Manual Coverage Scope:

Comprehensive factory service and repair information

Language:

English

Format:

PDF Download

Accessibility:

Printable pages

📖 Manual Coverage

Systems Covered

Engine Mechanical:

Engine assembly, disassembly, component replacement, timing belt, lubrication system, cooling system, fuel injection system (CIS and DME), exhaust system.

Engine Performance:

Diagnosis and tuning, emissions control, turbocharger systems (for Turbo models).

Transmission:

Manual transmission (G50 for later models, 016 for earlier models), automatic transmission (optional), clutch system, driveshafts, differential.

Brakes:

Hydraulic system, brake lines, master cylinder, calipers, rotors, parking brake, ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) diagnosis and repair.

Suspension:

Front suspension (McPherson struts, control arms, anti-roll bar), rear suspension (trailing arms, semi-trailing arms, torsion bars, dampers), wheel bearings, alignment specifications.

Steering:

Power steering system, steering rack, steering column, tie rods, universal joints.

Electrical System:

Battery, charging system (alternator, regulator), starting system, ignition system, lighting, gauges, horn, wipers, power windows, central locking.

Fuel System:

Fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel lines, fuel filter, fuel accumulator, fuel injectors, fuel pressure regulator.

Cooling System:

Radiator, coolant hoses, thermostat, water pump, coolant reservoir, heater core.

Exhaust System:

Exhaust manifold, catalytic converter, muffler, exhaust pipes, oxygen sensors.

Body And Chassis:

Body panel removal and installation, doors, hood, trunk, bumpers, interior trim, glass, sunroof, sound deadening.

HVAC:

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, A/C compressor, condenser, evaporator, refrigerant, climate controls.

Troubleshooting:

Diagnostic procedures, fault codes (where applicable), wiring diagrams, component testing.

Procedures Included

Maintenance:

Routine maintenance, fluid changes, filter replacements, belt adjustments, spark plug replacement.

Repair:

Component-level repair and replacement for all major systems.

Overhaul:

Engine and transmission overhaul procedures.

Diagnostics:

Step-by-step diagnostic flows for common and uncommon issues.

Specifications:

Torque specifications, clearances, fluid capacities, electrical tolerances.

Wiring Diagrams:

Detailed electrical wiring schematics for all vehicle systems.

Technical Depth

Depth:

Factory-level detail, suitable for complete vehicle disassembly and reassembly.

Illustrations:

Hundreds of photos and diagrams for visual guidance.

User Target:

Do-it-yourself enthusiasts and experienced professional mechanics.

📊 Manual Specifications

File Format

File Type:

Operating Systems:

Compatible with all PC-based Windows operating systems and Mac.

Print Quality

Printability:

All pages are printable.

Binding Type

Binding:

N/A (Digital Download)

Paper Type

Paper Quality:

N/A (Digital Download)

Completeness

Completeness Level:

100% complete and intact.

⚙️ Engine Specifications

Primary Engine

Engine Code Early:

M44.01/02 (2.5L Naturally Aspirated)

Engine Displacement Early:

2.5 Liters (2479 cc)

Engine Configuration Early:

Inline-4 (Four-Cylinder)

Engine Type Early:

Naturally Aspirated

Horsepower Early:

143 hp @ 5500 rpm (early models), 150 hp @ 5500 rpm (later naturally aspirated models)

Torque Early:

170 lb-ft @ 3000 rpm (early models), 170 lb-ft @ 4000 rpm (later naturally aspirated models)

Engine Code 944S:

M44.03

Engine Displacement 944S:

2.5 Liters (2479 cc)

Engine Type 944S:

16-Valve Naturally Aspirated

Horsepower 944S:

190 hp @ 6000 rpm

Torque 944S:

181 lb-ft @ 4500 rpm

944S2

Engine Code 944S2:

M44.04

Engine Displacement 944S2:

2.7 Liters (2681 cc)

Engine Type 944S2:

16-Valve Naturally Aspirated

Horsepower 944S2:

208 hp @ 6000 rpm

Torque 944S2:

207 lb-ft @ 4000 rpm

944 Turbo

Engine Code 944 Turbo:

M44.51 (951)

Engine Displacement 944 Turbo:

2.5 Liters (2479 cc)

Engine Type 944 Turbo:

Turbocharged Inline-4

Horsepower 944 Turbo:

217 hp @ 6000 rpm

Torque 944 Turbo:

245 lb-ft @ 3500 rpm

944 Turbo S

Engine Code 944 Turbo S:

M44.52 (952)

Engine Displacement 944 Turbo S:

2.5 Liters (2479 cc)

Engine Type 944 Turbo S:

Turbocharged Inline-4 with larger turbo and intercooler

Horsepower 944 Turbo S:

247 hp @ 6000 rpm

Torque 944 Turbo S:

258 lb-ft @ 3000 rpm

Fuel System

Fuel Delivery Early:

Bosch CIS-Jetronic (Continuous Injection System)

Fuel Delivery Late:

Bosch DME (Digital Motor Electronics) with multi-point fuel injection on some later models and S2/Turbo variants.

Fuel Type Requirement:

Premium Unleaded Gasoline (91+ Octane)

Engine Internals

Timing Belt System:

Dual overhead camshafts (DOHC) driven by a timing belt; crucial maintenance item with specific replacement intervals.

🔧 Transmission

Standard

Transmission Type Early:

5-speed Manual Transaxle (Type 016)

Transmission Type Late:

5-speed Manual Transaxle (Type G50 for some models, particularly 944 Turbo S and some late S2s)

Optional

Transmission Type Optional:

3-speed Automatic Transaxle (Tiptronic availability on some late models)

Features

Transaxle Layout:

Rear-mounted transaxle combining transmission and differential for optimal front/rear weight balance.

Fluid Specifications

Manual Transmission Fluid:

Porsche specifies specific gear oil, often a synthetic 75W-90 or 80W-90 GL-4 or GL-5 rated fluid. Consult manual for exact type and capacity.

Automatic Transmission Fluid:

Dexron II or equivalent. Consult manual for specific type and capacity.

📐 Dimensions

Exterior

Body Style:

2-door Coupe, 2+2 seating configuration (rear seats are very small).

Length:

Approximately 4200 mm (165.4 in) for early models, slightly longer for later models.

Width:

Approximately 1700 mm (66.9 in)

Height:

Approximately 1280 mm (50.4 in)

Wheelbase:

Approximately 2450 mm (96.5 in)

Weights

Curb Weight:

Ranging from approximately 1200 kg (2646 lbs) for early models to 1400 kg (3086 lbs) for Turbo and S2 models.

Cargo

Trunk Capacity:

Rear cargo area behind seats, plus additional space under the rear hatch. Capacity varies, but generally practical for a sports car.

Wheels And Tires

Wheel Bolt Pattern:

5x130 mm

Tire Sizes Early:

Typically 205/55VR16 front, 225/50VR16 rear.

Tire Sizes Later And Turbo:

Larger sizes, e.g., 205/55ZR16 front, 245/45ZR16 rear (S2), 225/50ZR17 front, 255/40ZR17 rear (Turbo).

🛡️ Safety Features

Ratings

Crash Test Data:

While formal crash ratings from modern organizations were less prevalent during the 1980s, the 944 was engineered with a robust chassis, integrated roll bar in the Targa version (not applicable here, as it's a coupe manual), and considered a safe vehicle for its era.

Active Features

Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) became available and standard on later models, particularly Turbo and S2 variants.

Passive Features

Seatbelts:

Three-point retractable seatbelts.

Airbags:

Driver airbag introduced on later models, becoming standard towards the end of the production run.

Chassis Design:

Reinforced body structure and crumple zones.

💡 Technology Features

Infotainment

Audio System:

Factory-installed Clarion or Blaupunkt AM/FM/Cassette stereos, often with premium speaker options. Later models may have CD compatibility.

Climate Control:

Manual or automatic climate control systems for heating and air conditioning.

Driver Assistance

ABS System:

Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) on later models for improved braking control.

Connectivity

Connectivity Features:

Limited by modern standards; primarily focused on the driving experience rather than integrated infotainment or smartphone connectivity.

🔧 Maintenance

Service Intervals

Oil Change Interval:

Every 3,000-5,000 miles or annually, using high-quality synthetic oil.

Timing Belt Replacement:

Crucial: Every 30,000-60,000 miles or 4-5 years, depending on model year and driving conditions. Failure can cause catastrophic engine damage.

Spark Plug Replacement:

Typically every 20,000-30,000 miles.

Brake Fluid Flush:

Every 2 years.

Fluid Specifications

Engine Oil Capacity:

Approximately 5.5 Quarts (5.2 Liters) with filter, for 2.5L models. Consult manual for exact type (e.g., Mobil 1 0W-40, Castrol 5W-40, or equivalent synthetic).

Coolant Type:

Porsche approved coolant or a high-quality ethylene glycol-based coolant with appropriate anti-corrosion additives. Typically a 50/50 mix with distilled water.

Brake Fluid Type:

DOT 4 brake fluid.

Power Steering Fluid:

Hydraulic fluid for power steering systems, specific type recommended by Porsche.

Known Issues

Common Wear Items:

Timing belt tensioners, water pump, fuel pump, window regulators, sway bar bushings, CV joints, clutch assembly.

Electrical Gremlins:

Can be prone to minor electrical issues due to age, particularly related to wiring insulation degradation and switch contacts.

Oil Leaks:

Leaking oil cooler seals, valve cover gaskets, and front crankshaft seal are common as the car ages.

Transaxle Clutch Release Bearing:

Release bearing can wear out, leading to noise or difficulty disengaging the clutch.

Suspension Bushings:

Rubber bushings in control arms and suspension mounts degrade over time, affecting handling and ride quality.

📚 Vehicle History

Brand Heritage

Porsche Philosophy:

Porsche's legacy of engineering excellence, performance, and racing heritage.

Model Evolution

Origins:

Developed as a more affordable entry into the Porsche brand, based on the Porsche 924 platform but significantly re-engineered.

Key Milestones:

Introduction of the 2.5L engine in 1982, addition of the 944S (16v) in 1986, Turbo (951) in 1985, Turbo S in 1988, and the larger displacement 944S2 in 1989. Design updates including revised bumpers and interiors occurred in 1985.

Production

Production Period:

1981-1991

Production Locations

Manufacturing:

Neckarsulm, Germany (Audi AG production facilities)

Production Volume

Total Units:

Over 160,000 units produced globally across all variants.

🏆 Awards & Recognition

Recognitions

Automotive Press Awards:

Consistently praised by automotive journalists for its handling, balance, and performance, often appearing on 'best sports car' lists of its era.

Model Legacy:

Considered one of Porsche's most significant models, bridging the gap between the less powerful 924 and the iconic 911, and establishing a strong reputation for accessible performance driving.