2012 Subaru Legacy and Outback Factory Service/Repair/ Workshop Manual (WA320-5H Serial H50051 and up)

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🏷️ Basic Information Identification Make: Subaru Model: Outback Year: 2012 Codes Manual Product Code: WA320-5H Serial Number Range: H50051 and up 👋 Introduction Market Position Segment: Mid-size sedan (Legacy) and Mid-size Crossover SUV (Outback), known for All-Wheel Drive (AWD) capability. Differentiation: Subaru's Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive system is a key differentiator, offering enhanced traction and stability in various weather conditions. Competitive Analysis Competitors: Legacy: Toyota Camry, Honda Accord, Nissan Altima, Ford Fusion. Outback: Toyota RAV4, Honda CR-V, Ford Escape, Nissan Rogue, Mazda CX-5. Key Features AWD Standard: Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive is standard on most, if not all, trims for both models, a significant advantage. Outback Ground Clearance: Outback offers higher ground clearance compared to typical sedans, enhancing its SUV-like capabilities. Safety Focus: Subaru's reputation for safety is a strong selling point. Manual Value Proposition Diy Support: Essential for owners who prefer to perform their own maintenance and repairs, saving on labor costs. Diagnostic Aid: Crucial for accurately diagnosing issues that onboard diagnostics might not fully explain. 📋 Manual Details Coverage Areas General Coverage: Comprehensive maintenance and repair procedures for 2012 Subaru Legacy and Outback. Specific Systems Covered: Engine, Drivetrain, Chassis, Electrical, HVAC, Body, Powertrain Control, Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs). Page Count Estimated Page Count: Varies by specific model/engine combination, typically 1000+ pages for full factory service manuals. Manual Type Type: Factory Service Manual / Workshop Manual / Repair Manual Language Language: English Format Format: Instant Download (likely PDF) 📖 Manual Coverage Systems Covered Engine Mechanical: Complete engine assembly, disassembly, inspection, and repair for all gasoline engine variants. Includes cylinder head, block, pistons, crankshaft, camshafts, valves, timing systems, lubrication, and cooling. Engine Performance: Fuel delivery, ignition system, emissions control, turbocharger systems (if applicable), engine management strategies, performance tuning basics. Transmission Drivetrain: Automatic Transmission (CVT and traditional AT depending on model), Manual Transmission. Includes hydraulic controls, torque converter, planetary gear sets, clutch packs, valve bodies, and driveline components (axles, drive shafts, differentials). Chassis Suspension: Front and rear suspension systems, shock absorbers, springs, control arms, bushings, wheel bearings, steering system (rack and pinion, power steering), alignment specifications. Braking System: Front and rear disc brakes, ABS (Anti-lock Braking System), EBD (Electronic Brakeforce Distribution), brake calipers, rotors, pads, lines, master cylinder, brake fluid specifications. Electrical System: Battery, charging system (alternator), starting system, lighting (headlights, taillights, interior), power windows, power locks, wipers, horn, fuse box diagrams, relay locations, wiring schematics. Body Exterior: Body panels, doors, hood, trunk, bumpers, glass, mirrors, seals, chassis frame construction, corrosion protection. Body Interior: Seats, dashboard, trim panels, carpeting, airbags, seat belts, climate control system components (HVAC), infotainment system, sound system. Powertrain Control Module: ECM/PCM diagnostics, sensor inputs, actuator outputs, CAN bus communication, diagnostic trouble code (DTC) interpretation and troubleshooting procedures. Procedures Included Routine Maintenance: Oil and filter changes, air filter replacement, spark plug replacement, fluid level checks and top-offs, tire rotation, brake inspection, battery maintenance. Major Repairs: Engine rebuilds, transmission overhaul, suspension component replacement, brake system repair, steering system overhaul, cooling system repair, fuel system repair. Diagnostics Troubleshooting: Step-by-step diagnostic procedures for identifying and resolving common and complex issues, including symptom-based troubleshooting guides, wiring diagram analysis, and component testing. Special Tools Equipment: Identification and usage instructions for specialized tools required for specific repair or diagnostic procedures. Torque Specifications: Precise torque values for all critical fasteners, essential for proper assembly and preventing component damage. Wiring Diagrams: Detailed electrical wiring schematics for all vehicle systems, aiding in troubleshooting and repair of electrical faults. Component Replacement: Step-by-step instructions for replacing various components, from simple bulbs to complex engine or transmission parts. System Testing: Procedures for testing the functionality of various automotive systems and their individual components. Technical Depth Depth Of Information: Factory-level detail covering everything from basic maintenance to complete engine and transmission overhauls. Suitable for professional technicians and advanced DIY enthusiasts. Diagnostic Capability: In-depth diagnostic strategies, including use of scan tools, multimeter testing, and understanding of sensor data. Component Tolerances: Specific measurements and tolerances for critical engine and mechanical components to ensure proper function and longevity after repair. Recalibration Procedures: Procedures for recalibrating certain modules or sensors after replacement or repair, if applicable. 📊 Manual Specifications File Format Format: PDF (Portable Document Format) Searchability: Likely text-searchable, allowing for quick finding of specific topics. Print Quality Quality: High-resolution digital reproduction of original factory documentation, ensuring clarity of diagrams and text. Binding Type Binding: N/A (Instant Download format) Paper Type Paper: N/A (Instant Download format) ⚙️ Engine Specifications Primary Engine Engine Options: Likely includes 2.5L naturally aspirated Boxer engine and potentially a 3.6L naturally aspirated Boxer engine. Some regions might have offered a 2.0L turbocharged engine (XT models), though less common in base models. Engine Layout: Horizontally opposed (Boxer) engine configuration. 2.5L Engine Details: Typically EJ25 SOHC or DOHC. Horsepower around 170-175 hp, Torque around 170-174 lb-ft. 3.6L Engine Details: EZ36D 3.6L DOHC. Horsepower around 256...

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Description

🏷️ Basic Information

Identification

Make:

Subaru

Model:

Outback

Year:

Codes

Manual Product Code:

WA320-5H

Serial Number Range:

H50051 and up

👋 Introduction

Market Position

Segment:

Mid-size sedan (Legacy) and Mid-size Crossover SUV (Outback), known for All-Wheel Drive (AWD) capability.

Differentiation:

Subaru's Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive system is a key differentiator, offering enhanced traction and stability in various weather conditions.

Competitive Analysis

Competitors:

Legacy: Toyota Camry, Honda Accord, Nissan Altima, Ford Fusion. Outback: Toyota RAV4, Honda CR-V, Ford Escape, Nissan Rogue, Mazda CX-5.

Key Features

AWD Standard:

Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive is standard on most, if not all, trims for both models, a significant advantage.

Outback Ground Clearance:

Outback offers higher ground clearance compared to typical sedans, enhancing its SUV-like capabilities.

Safety Focus:

Subaru's reputation for safety is a strong selling point.

Manual Value Proposition

Diy Support:

Essential for owners who prefer to perform their own maintenance and repairs, saving on labor costs.

Diagnostic Aid:

Crucial for accurately diagnosing issues that onboard diagnostics might not fully explain.

📋 Manual Details

Coverage Areas

General Coverage:

Comprehensive maintenance and repair procedures for 2012 Subaru Legacy and Outback.

Specific Systems Covered:

Engine, Drivetrain, Chassis, Electrical, HVAC, Body, Powertrain Control, Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs).

Page Count

Estimated Page Count:

Varies by specific model/engine combination, typically 1000+ pages for full factory service manuals.

Manual Type

Type:

Factory Service Manual / Workshop Manual / Repair Manual

Language

Language:

English

Format

Format:

Instant Download (likely PDF)

📖 Manual Coverage

Systems Covered

Engine Mechanical:

Complete engine assembly, disassembly, inspection, and repair for all gasoline engine variants. Includes cylinder head, block, pistons, crankshaft, camshafts, valves, timing systems, lubrication, and cooling.

Engine Performance:

Fuel delivery, ignition system, emissions control, turbocharger systems (if applicable), engine management strategies, performance tuning basics.

Transmission Drivetrain:

Automatic Transmission (CVT and traditional AT depending on model), Manual Transmission. Includes hydraulic controls, torque converter, planetary gear sets, clutch packs, valve bodies, and driveline components (axles, drive shafts, differentials).

Chassis Suspension:

Front and rear suspension systems, shock absorbers, springs, control arms, bushings, wheel bearings, steering system (rack and pinion, power steering), alignment specifications.

Braking System:

Front and rear disc brakes, ABS (Anti-lock Braking System), EBD (Electronic Brakeforce Distribution), brake calipers, rotors, pads, lines, master cylinder, brake fluid specifications.

Electrical System:

Battery, charging system (alternator), starting system, lighting (headlights, taillights, interior), power windows, power locks, wipers, horn, fuse box diagrams, relay locations, wiring schematics.

Body Exterior:

Body panels, doors, hood, trunk, bumpers, glass, mirrors, seals, chassis frame construction, corrosion protection.

Body Interior:

Seats, dashboard, trim panels, carpeting, airbags, seat belts, climate control system components (HVAC), infotainment system, sound system.

Powertrain Control Module:

ECM/PCM diagnostics, sensor inputs, actuator outputs, CAN bus communication, diagnostic trouble code (DTC) interpretation and troubleshooting procedures.

Procedures Included

Routine Maintenance:

Oil and filter changes, air filter replacement, spark plug replacement, fluid level checks and top-offs, tire rotation, brake inspection, battery maintenance.

Major Repairs:

Engine rebuilds, transmission overhaul, suspension component replacement, brake system repair, steering system overhaul, cooling system repair, fuel system repair.

Diagnostics Troubleshooting:

Step-by-step diagnostic procedures for identifying and resolving common and complex issues, including symptom-based troubleshooting guides, wiring diagram analysis, and component testing.

Special Tools Equipment:

Identification and usage instructions for specialized tools required for specific repair or diagnostic procedures.

Torque Specifications:

Precise torque values for all critical fasteners, essential for proper assembly and preventing component damage.

Wiring Diagrams:

Detailed electrical wiring schematics for all vehicle systems, aiding in troubleshooting and repair of electrical faults.

Component Replacement:

Step-by-step instructions for replacing various components, from simple bulbs to complex engine or transmission parts.

System Testing:

Procedures for testing the functionality of various automotive systems and their individual components.

Technical Depth

Depth Of Information:

Factory-level detail covering everything from basic maintenance to complete engine and transmission overhauls. Suitable for professional technicians and advanced DIY enthusiasts.

Diagnostic Capability:

In-depth diagnostic strategies, including use of scan tools, multimeter testing, and understanding of sensor data.

Component Tolerances:

Specific measurements and tolerances for critical engine and mechanical components to ensure proper function and longevity after repair.

Recalibration Procedures:

Procedures for recalibrating certain modules or sensors after replacement or repair, if applicable.

📊 Manual Specifications

File Format

Format:

PDF (Portable Document Format)

Searchability:

Likely text-searchable, allowing for quick finding of specific topics.

Print Quality

Quality:

High-resolution digital reproduction of original factory documentation, ensuring clarity of diagrams and text.

Binding Type

Binding:

N/A (Instant Download format)

Paper Type

Paper:

N/A (Instant Download format)

⚙️ Engine Specifications

Primary Engine

Engine Options:

Likely includes 2.5L naturally aspirated Boxer engine and potentially a 3.6L naturally aspirated Boxer engine. Some regions might have offered a 2.0L turbocharged engine (XT models), though less common in base models.

Engine Layout:

Horizontally opposed (Boxer) engine configuration.

2.5L Engine Details:

Typically EJ25 SOHC or DOHC. Horsepower around 170-175 hp, Torque around 170-174 lb-ft.

3.6L Engine Details:

EZ36D 3.6L DOHC. Horsepower around 256 hp, Torque around 247 lb-ft.

Performance

Bore X Stroke 2.5L:

Approx. 99.5 mm x 79.0 mm

Bore X Stroke 3.6L:

Approx. 92.0 mm x 91.0 mm

Fuel System

Fuel Delivery:

Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) with sequential port injection or direct injection depending on specific engine variant.

Fuel Type:

Unleaded Gasoline (87 octane recommended, higher octane may be specified for turbocharged variants if available).

Engine Management

ECU Type:

Subaru Engine Control Module (ECM) or Powertrain Control Module (PCM).

🔧 Transmission

Standard

Standard Transmission:

Likely 6-speed manual transmission (for Legacy, and potentially lower trims of Outback). CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission) for most models, particularly with 2.5L engines.

Optional

Optional Transmission:

5-speed automatic transmission might have been available on certain older trims or markets, but CVT was becoming standard. 5-speed manual was also likely optional on some trims.

Features

Cvt Features:

Subaru's Lineartronic CVT, offering smooth acceleration and improved fuel efficiency. May include paddle shifters or manual mode for simulated gear changes.

AWD Integration:

Seamless integration of AWD with both manual and automatic/CVT transmissions.

Fluid Specifications

Cvt Fluid Type:

Subaru CVT Fluid (e.g., HCF-2 or equivalent, consult specific model for exact type).

Automatic Transmission Fluid:

Subaru ATF HP or equivalent.

Manual Transmission Fluid:

GL-5 Gear Oil (specific viscosity to be confirmed from manual, e.g., 75W-90).

📐 Dimensions

Exterior

Legacy Length Approx:

187.2 inches

Outback Length Approx:

189.6 inches

Outback Width Approx:

71.7 inches

Outback Height Approx:

65.7 inches

Outback Wheelbase Approx:

107.9 inches

Outback Ground Clearance Approx:

8.7 inches

Weights

Curb Weight Range:

3,400 - 3,800 lbs (varies by engine and trim)

Cargo

Outback Cargo Volume Rear Seats Up:

Approx. 34.5 cubic feet

Outback Cargo Volume Rear Seats Down:

Approx. 71.3 cubic feet

🛡️ Safety Features

Ratings

IIHS Top Safety Pick:

Likely achieved IIHS Top Safety Pick or Top Safety Pick+ ratings for this model year, consistent with Subaru's safety record.

NHTSA Overall Rating:

Likely achieved 5-star overall safety rating from NHTSA, common for Subaru models.

Active Features

AWD Traction:

Symmetrical AWD significantly enhances active safety through improved traction and stability.

ABS Ebd:

Standard Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) with Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD).

Traction Control:

Vehicle Dynamics Control (VDC) including traction control and stability control.

Passive Features

Airbag System:

Front, side-impact, and curtain airbags. Knee airbag may be standard on driver's side.

Seat Belts:

Three-point height-adjustable seatbelts with pretensioners and load limiters.

Body Structure:

Subaru's Ring-shaped Reinforcement Frame design for enhanced crashworthiness.

💡 Technology Features

Infotainment

Head Unit Features:

Standard audio system with CD player, auxiliary input, and potentially Bluetooth connectivity. Optional navigation system and premium audio available on higher trims.

Display Type:

Central LCD screen for audio, climate, and optional navigation. May be touchscreen depending on trim.

Driver Assistance

Optional Features:

Subaru's EyeSight driver assistance system may have been an option on higher trims, offering features like adaptive cruise control, pre-collision braking, and lane departure warning (though often introduced later in the generation or on newer models).

Other Features:

Rearview camera (optional on some trims), Hill Start Assist.

Connectivity

Bluetooth:

Bluetooth hands-free phone connectivity and audio streaming available on many trims.

Usb Ports:

USB port for media playback and device charging may be included.

🔧 Maintenance

Service Intervals

Oil Change Interval:

Typically 3,750 miles or 6 months for severe driving conditions, or 7,500 miles/12 months for normal driving. Consult manual for specific recommendation based on oil type and usage.

Engine Air Filter Replacement:

Every 15,000 miles or 12 months under severe conditions, or 30,000 miles/24 months under normal conditions. Inspect more frequently.

Cabin Air Filter Replacement:

Typically every 15,000 miles or 12 months. Inspect more frequently.

Spark Plug Replacement 2.5L:

Iridium-tipped spark plugs usually have a long service life, often around 100,000 miles. Consult manual for exact interval.

Transmission Fluid Change Cvt:

Subaru typically recommends inspection at regular intervals (e.g., 30,000 miles) and replacement based on driving conditions, often around 60,000-100,000 miles. Consult manual for exact service requirements.

Fluid Specifications

Engine Oil Type 2.5L:

0W-20 synthetic engine oil meeting API SN or ILSAC GF-5 specifications.

Engine Oil Type 3.6L:

0W-30 or 5W-30 synthetic engine oil meeting API SN or ILSAC GF-5 specifications.

Coolant Type:

Subaru Super Coolant (blue) or equivalent. Do not mix colors.

Brake Fluid Type:

DOT 3 or DOT 4 brake fluid.

Known Issues

Head Gasket Leaks:

While less common on the 2012 models compared to earlier generations, internal head gasket leaks or coolant consumption can still be a concern for the EJ25 engine. The FB engine introduced around this time generally improved this. Manual will detail inspection and repair procedures.

Cvt Wear:

Some CVT models can experience wear issues over high mileage. Regular fluid changes are critical. Manual will cover CVT fluid service and potential diagnostic procedures.

Wheel Bearing Wear:

Front wheel bearings can wear out over time, leading to humming noises. Manual will detail replacement procedures.

Rear Differential Leaks:

Rear differential seals can develop leaks. Manual will detail inspection and seal replacement.

📚 Vehicle History

Brand Heritage

Company Origin:

Subaru is the automotive division of Subaru Corporation (formerly Fuji Heavy Industries), a Japanese transportation conglomerate. Known for its aerospace engineering background.

AWD Pioneer:

Subaru pioneered the widespread adoption of All-Wheel Drive in passenger cars.

Model Evolution

Legacy Introduction:

The Subaru Legacy was introduced in 1989 as a successor to the Subaru Leone.

Outback Introduction:

The Subaru Outback originated as a trim level of the Legacy station wagon (called the Legacy Outback) introduced in 1995. It was designed to be more rugged and capable, effectively creating the crossover SUV segment.

Fifth Generation:

The 2012 models represent the fifth generation of the Legacy (BM/BR chassis) and the fourth generation of the Outback (BR chassis).

Production

Manufacturing Location:

Primarily manufactured in Gunma, Japan.

🏆 Awards & Recognition

Recognitions

IIHS Awards:

As mentioned in safety, likely recipients of IIHS Top Safety Pick awards, demonstrating strong safety performance.

Consumer Reports:

Subaru vehicles, including the Legacy and Outback, often receive good ratings from Consumer Reports for reliability and owner satisfaction in certain areas, though specific model year ratings can vary.

Certifications

Epa Fuel Economy:

The manual may contain specific fuel economy ratings from EPA, which were competitive for their class, especially with the CVT.