🏷️ Basic Information Identification Make: Ford Model: Sierra Year: 1988 Codes Vehicle Code: GB49 Chassis Type: Body-on-frame (historically, though Sierra was unibody) Generation Generation Code: GBS Generation Years: 1982-1994 (Europe), 1985-1987 (South Africa - XR4Ti) 👋 Introduction Market Position Historical Context: The Ford Sierra was a pivotal model for Ford of Europe, designed as a successor to the Cortina and Taunus. It represented a shift towards more aerodynamic styling and a more modern, spacious interior. The 1988 model year falls within the facelifted Sierra range, which introduced updated styling and features. Competitive Analysis Key Competitors: Opel/Vauxhall Vectra, Volkswagen Passat, Peugeot 405, Renault 21, Fiat Croma Key Features Aerodynamics: Known for its distinctive 'jelly mold' aerodynamic design, a significant departure from traditional boxy car shapes. Rear Wheel Drive Bias: While front-wheel drive was common, performance variants like the Sierra RS Cosworth featured rear-wheel drive for enhanced handling. Interior Space: Offered a surprisingly spacious interior for its class, a key selling point. 📋 Manual Details Coverage Areas Markets Covered: Primarily European market, but applicable to any Ford Sierra 1988 model Page Count Estimated Page Count: N/A (Digital Download) Manual Type Type: Repair Service Manual / Workshop Manual Language Language: English Format Digital Format: PDF Delivery Method: Instant Download Requirements Software Requirements: Adobe PDF Reader, WinZip Operating System Compatibility: All Versions of Windows & Mac 📖 Manual Coverage Systems Covered Engine Mechanical: Complete engine overhaul, including disassembly, cleaning, inspection, assembly, and timing Engine Electrical: Ignition system, starting system, charging system, fuel injection systems (EFI), emission controls Transmission: Manual and automatic transmission overhaul, operation, and maintenance Drivetrain: Front-wheel drive system, CV joints, driveshafts, differential Suspension: Front and rear suspension components, geometry, adjustments, and repair Steering: Steering gear, power steering system, linkage, and alignment Brakes: Front and rear brake systems (disc and drum), hydraulic system, parking brake Electrical System: Wiring diagrams, lighting system, instrument cluster, power windows, central locking Fuel System: Fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel lines, fuel injectors, fuel filter Cooling System: Radiator, water pump, thermostat, cooling fan, hoses, and coolant specifications Exhaust System: Exhaust manifold, catalytic converter, muffler, pipes, and gaskets Body And Chassis: Body panels, doors, hood, trunk, interior trim, rust prevention HVAC: Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system (where applicable) Procedures Included Maintenance: Scheduled maintenance, fluid changes, filter replacements, inspections Troubleshooting: Diagnostic procedures for common problems, fault codes, symptom-based troubleshooting Repair: Step-by-step repair instructions for all major components and systems Disassembly Assembly: Detailed instructions for removing, overhauling, and reinstalling parts Cleaning: Specific instructions for cleaning components during repair Adjustments: Alignment, timing, idle speed, and other necessary adjustments Specifications: Torque values, clearances, fluid capacities, electrical values Technical Depth Depth: Comprehensive, covering routine maintenance to major overhauls and diagnostics Target Audience: Professional Technicians and Advanced DIY Mechanics 📊 Manual Specifications File Format Format Details: PDF (.pdf) Print Quality Printability: Full Printable Zoom Functionality: YES (Zoom IN/OUT) Binding Type Digital Binding: N/A (Digital PDF) Paper Type Digital Paper Type: N/A (Digital PDF) ⚙️ Engine Specifications Primary Engine Engine Options 1988: Various Ford 'Pinto' and 'Valencia' inline-four engines, including 1.3L, 1.6L, 1.8L, 2.0L petrol, and 1.8L/2.3L Diesel variants. The XR4i and XR4x4 models featured the 2.8L V6. Engine Code Examples: LC (1.3L), LD (1.6L), LB (2.0L), YTB (2.0L DOHC), VR6 (2.8L V6) Performance Hp Range: Approximately 60 hp (1.3L) to 150 hp (2.8L V6), with performance models exceeding this. Torque Range: Approximately 90 Nm (1.3L) to 230 Nm (2.8L V6). Fuel System Fuel Delivery: Carburetor (earlier models and lower trims) or Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) on higher trims and later models. Fuel Type: Unleaded Petrol (Octane rating varies by engine, typically 95 RON recommmended for EFI) Cooling System Coolant Type: Ethylene Glycol based, typically a 50/50 mix with distilled water. Consult manual for specific Ford coolant recommendations (e.g., Ford Premium Gold). 🔧 Transmission Standard Manual Transmission: 4-speed and 5-speed manual transmissions were common, depending on engine and trim. Optional Automatic Transmission: 3-speed and 4-speed automatic transmissions were available on select models. Features Drivetrain Options: Front-wheel drive (FWD) standard on most models; Four-wheel drive (4WD) available on Sierra XR4x4 variants. Fluid Specifications Manual Transmission Fluid: API GL-4, SAE 75W-90 or 80W-90 gear oil. Consult manual for exact specifications per transmission type. Automatic Transmission Fluid: Ford ESW-M2C138-CJ or equivalent Mercon/Dexron III (check specific transmission type). Capacity around 3-4 liters for drain and fill. 📐 Dimensions Exterior Body Styles: 3-door hatchback, 5-door hatchback, 5-door estate/wagon (Sierra Turnier) Wheelbase: Approximately 2600 mm (102.4 inches) Length: Varies by body style, roughly 4300-4500 mm (169-177 inches) Weights Curb Weight: Approximately 1000-1300 kg (2200-2866 lbs), depending on engine and trim Gross Vehicle Weight Rating: Typically around 1600-1800 kg (3527-3968 lbs) 🛡️ Safety Features Ratings Euroncap Rating: N/A (Euro NCAP was established in 1997) Active Features Braking System: Front: Ventilated discs, Rear: Discs or drums depending on model. ABS was an optional extra...