🏷️ Basic Information Identification Make: Kia Model: Carens Model Alias: Rondo Year: 2012 Codes Vin Prefix: KNA 👋 Introduction Market Position Segment: Compact MPV (Multi-Purpose Vehicle) / Minivan Target Audience: Families seeking practical, versatile, and cost-effective transportation. Competitive Analysis Key Competitors 2012: Chevrolet Orlando, Ford C-Max, Volkswagen Touran, Citroen C4 Picasso. Key Features Versatility: Flexible seating arrangements (often 5 or 7 seats), ample cargo space, practical for daily use and family outings. Value Proposition: Offers a good balance of space, features, and affordability compared to larger SUVs or minivans. 📋 Manual Details Coverage Areas Manual Type: Workshop Service Repair Manual Language: English Format: Downloadable (likely PDF) Page Count Estimated Pages: 1500+ 📖 Manual Coverage Systems Covered Powertrain: Engine mechanical, engine control system (ECM), fuel system, exhaust system, ignition system, cooling system, lubrication system, starting system, charging system. Transmission: Automatic transmission (AT), manual transmission (MT) - depending on market variant, transmission control system (TCS), clutch system, drive shafts, differentials. Chassis: Suspension system (front and rear), steering system, braking system (ABS, EBD, ESP), wheels and tires, chassis electrical. Body And Interior: Body construction, exterior panels, doors, hood, tailgate, interior trim, seating, HVAC system, body electrical, lighting, wipers and washers. Electrical And Electronics: Wiring diagrams, fuses and relays, battery, alternator, starter, power windows, power locks, audio system, instrument cluster, airbags, immobilizer system. Procedures Included Maintenance: Routine checks, oil changes, filter replacements, fluid level checks and top-offs, spark plug replacement, belt inspection and replacement. Diagnostics: Symptom-based troubleshooting, diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) interpretation, electrical circuit testing, component testing. Repair: Component removal and installation, engine overhauling, transmission repair, brake caliper replacement, suspension component replacement, body panel repair. Adjustment: Brake adjustment, clutch adjustment (if applicable), idle speed adjustment, steering alignment procedures. Special Tools: Identification and usage of specialized tools required for specific repair operations. Technical Depth Depth Level: Comprehensive, suitable for professional technicians with detailed diagrams, specifications, and step-by-step instructions. 📊 Manual Specifications File Format File Type: PDF (Portable Document Format) - standard for downloadable manuals. Searchability: Likely text-searchable, allowing quick access to specific information. Print Quality Print Readability: Designed for clear printing of text and diagrams, ensuring legibility of technical illustrations. Binding Type Binding Type Digital: N/A (Digital format) Paper Type Paper Type Digital: N/A (Digital format) ⚙️ Engine Specifications Primary Engine Engine Code Gasoline: G4FC (1.6 Gamma MPI) / G4FA (1.4 Gamma MPI) - common in many markets. Engine Code Diesel: U2 (1.7 CRDi VGT) - common in European markets. Performance Gasoline Displacement 1.6L: 1591 cc Horsepower 1.6L: Approx. 126 PS (94 kW) @ 6300 rpm Torque 1.6L: Approx. 156 Nm (115 lb-ft) @ 4200 rpm Performance Diesel Displacement 1.7L: 1685 cc Horsepower 1.7L: Approx. 115 PS (85 kW) @ 4000 rpm Torque 1.7L: Approx. 260 Nm (192 lb-ft) @ 1750-2500 rpm Fuel System Fuel Injection Gasoline: Multi-Point Fuel Injection (MPI) Fuel Type Gasoline: Unleaded gasoline (Octane rating typically 91-95 RON) Fuel Injection Diesel: Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi) with Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT) Fuel Type Diesel: Diesel fuel Emission Standards Emission Control Gasoline: Catalytic converter, Oxygen sensors, Evaporative Emission Control (EVAP). Emission Control Diesel: Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC), Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) - potentially depending on market and specification. 🔧 Transmission Standard Gasoline Transmission Type Gasoline: 5-speed manual transmission (M5CF1) Optional Gasoline Transmission Type Gasoline Optional: 4-speed automatic transmission (4AT) - common Standard Diesel Transmission Type Diesel: 6-speed manual transmission (M6CF3) - common Optional Diesel Transmission Type Diesel Optional: 6-speed automatic transmission (6AT) - less common, often with higher trims Features Transmission Fluid Spec At: Kia Genuine ATF SP-III or equivalent Transmission Fluid Capacity At Approx: 6.0 - 7.0 Liters (dry fill) Transmission Fluid Spec Mt: API GL-4, SAE 75W-90 or 80W-90 gear oil 📐 Dimensions Exterior Length: Approx. 4525 mm (178.1 in) Width: Approx. 1790 mm (70.5 in) Height: Approx. 1650 mm (65.0 in) Wheelbase: Approx. 2750 mm (108.3 in) Cargo Cargo Volume Seats Up: Approx. 150 - 250 Liters (depending on 3rd-row configuration) Cargo Volume Seats Down: Approx. 600 - 800 Liters (with 3rd row folded) Weights Curb Weight Approx: 1450 - 1600 kg (3197 - 3527 lbs) Gross Vehicle Weight Rating Approx: 2100 - 2300 kg (4630 - 5070 lbs) 🛡️ Safety Features Ratings NHTSA Rating: Likely received 4-star or 5-star ratings in frontal and side impact tests by NHTSA in relevant markets (e.g., US market Rondo). IIHS Rating: Likely achieved 'Good' ratings in various crashworthiness tests by IIHS for models sold in the US. Active Features Braking System: Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), Electronic Brake-force Distribution (EBD), Brake Assist (BAS). Stability Control: Electronic Stability Control (ESC/ESP) - standard on many models or an option. Passive Features Airbags: Frontal airbags (driver and passenger), Side-impact airbags (front), Curtain airbags (front and second/third row). Seatbelts: 3-point seat belts with pretensioners and load limiters for all seating positions, ISOFIX/LATCH child seat anchors. Other Safety: Active...