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Introduction
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Market Position
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Market Position:
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The Audi 100 (Type 44) was positioned as a premium executive car, competing with established luxury marques. It emphasized advanced engineering, sophisticated styling, and a comfortable driving experience. The 1987 model year falls within the latter half of the Type 44's production, representing a mature and refined iteration of the platform.
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Premium Segment Offering:
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Audi positioned the 100 as a direct competitor to established European luxury sedans, offering a blend of performance, comfort, and advanced engineering.
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Competitive Analysis
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Competitive Analysis:
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Key competitors for the 1987 Audi 100 included the Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W124), BMW 5 Series (E28/E34), Volvo 240/740, and to some extent, larger American sedans. The Audi 100 differentiated itself with its aerodynamic design, front-wheel drive or optional Quattro all-wheel drive system, and a focus on user comfort and safety features.
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Key Features
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Key Features:
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Aerodynamic 'cW' design, front-wheel drive standard, optional permanent all-wheel drive (Quattro), spacious interior, sophisticated build quality, available with various inline-five engines, advanced (for its time) safety features.
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Aerodynamic Design:
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The Type 44 was celebrated for its exceptionally low drag coefficient (cW), contributing to fuel efficiency and reduced wind noise.
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Manual Coverage
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Systems Covered
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Engine Systems:
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Internal combustion engine (ICE) overhauls, cylinder head service, piston and connecting rod assembly, crankshaft and bearing service, timing belt/chain replacement, lubrication system, fuel injection systems (CIS-Jetronic, KE-Jetronic depending on variant), ignition system, emission control systems
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Transmission Drivetrain Systems:
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Manual and Automatic transmission overhaul and repair, clutch service, driveshaft and CV joint inspection and replacement, differential service, AWD (Quattro) system components
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Suspension Steering Systems:
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Front and rear suspension component inspection and replacement (struts, shocks, control arms, bushings), power steering system service, steering rack and column repair, wheel alignment specifications
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Brake Systems:
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Front and rear brake component service (discs, pads, calipers, wheel cylinders), hydraulic system bleeding, parking brake adjustment, ABS system troubleshooting (if equipped)
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Electrical Systems:
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Wiring diagrams, fuse box layouts, relay functions, starter motor, alternator, battery service, lighting systems, power windows, central locking, instrument cluster diagnostics, ECU troubleshooting
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Fuel Cooling Exhaust Systems:
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Fuel tank and pump service, fuel filter replacement, cooling system flush and fill, radiator and water pump replacement, thermostat service, exhaust manifold and system repair, catalytic converter information
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Bodywork Interior HVAC:
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Body panel removal and installation, door and latch mechanisms, glass replacement, interior trim panel removal, HVAC system diagnosis and repair, heater core replacement, A/C system servicing
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Emission Control Systems:
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Information on emission control devices, their function, and troubleshooting, including catalytic converters, oxygen sensors (if equipped), and secondary air injection systems.
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Wheel Alignment Specifications:
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Precise specifications for camber, caster, and toe angles for both front and rear suspensions.
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Procedures Included
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Maintenance Procedures:
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Routine maintenance (oil changes, filter replacements), spark plug replacement, air filter servicing, fluid level checks and top-offs, brake fluid replacement, coolant flushes
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Repair Procedures:
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Detailed step-by-step repair instructions for all major mechanical and electrical components, including engine rebuilds, transmission overhauls, suspension component replacement, and electrical system troubleshooting.
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Troubleshooting Diagnostics:
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Systematic diagnostic procedures for identifying and resolving common and uncommon faults, fault code interpretation (if applicable), wiring diagram analysis for electrical issues.
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Wiring Diagrams:
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Comprehensive electrical wiring diagrams for all vehicle systems, including engine control, lighting, accessories, and safety systems, crucial for troubleshooting electrical faults.
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Torque Specifications:
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Detailed torque specifications for all critical fasteners, including engine components, suspension parts, and bodywork, ensuring proper assembly and preventing damage.
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Body Repair Procedures:
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Guidance on body panel alignment, rust prevention, and repair techniques, along with specifications for welding and sealing.
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Diagnostic Trouble Codes:
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Information on how to retrieve and interpret diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) for engine management and other electronic systems, if applicable to the specific model year and engine.
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Technical Depth
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Technical Depth:
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Comprehensive: Covers everything from basic scheduled maintenance to full engine and transmission rebuilds, including detailed torque specifications, special tool requirements, and diagnostic procedures.
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Special Tools Required:
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The manual will detail the specific Audi special tools required for certain repair procedures, such as engine timing tools, suspension alignment tools, and fuel system diagnostic equipment.
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Schematics And Diagrams:
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Includes detailed mechanical schematics, system diagrams, and cutaway views to illustrate component function and assembly.
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Engine Specifications
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Primary Engine
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Engine Variants:
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Inline-five cylinder gasoline engines. Common variants include 2.0L (52 kW / 70 hp), 2.2L (74 kW / 100 hp), 2.2L 5E (85 kW / 115 hp), 2.2L 5V (turbocharged, 121 kW / 165 hp - Audi 100 Turbo/200). Diesel variants (e.g., 2.0L TD, 2.4L D) were also available.
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Performance
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Horsepower Range:
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Approx. 70 hp to 165 hp (depending on engine variant)
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Torque Range:
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Approx. 133 Nm (98 lb-ft) to 250 Nm (184 lb-ft) (depending on engine variant)
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Compression Ratio:
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Varies by engine, typically 8.5:1 to 10.3:1 for gasoline engines.
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Fuel System
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Fuel System Types:
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Bosch K-Jetronic (CIS) and KE-Jetronic (CIS-E) fuel injection for gasoline engines. Diesel engines typically used rotary injection pumps.
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Fuel Type:
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Unleaded gasoline (RON 95/98 recommended), Diesel fuel
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Engine Management
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Engine Management System:
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Mechanical fuel injection control with electronic ignition timing (e.g., Motronic for some later variants or specific engine types).
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Idle Speed Specifications:
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Specific idle speed settings for each engine variant under warm operating conditions, crucial for proper engine operation.
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Ignition Timing:
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Detailed procedures and specifications for setting ignition timing, including static and dynamic timing methods.
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Maintenance
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Service Intervals
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Oil Change Interval:
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Typically every 10,000 km (6,200 miles) or 12 months, whichever comes first, under normal driving conditions.
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Timing Belt Replacement:
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Recommended every 80,000 - 100,000 km (50,000 - 60,000 miles) or 5 years, due to the interference nature of some engine designs. Consult manual for specific engine.
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Fluid Specifications
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Engine Oil Specification:
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API SF or SG, ACEA A2. Viscosity: 10W-40, 15W-40, or 20W-50 depending on ambient temperature (e.g., 10W-40 for moderate climates).
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Coolant Specification:
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Ethylene glycol-based antifreeze mixed with distilled water in a 50/50 ratio. G11 specification or equivalent.
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Brake Fluid Specification:
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DOT 3 or DOT 4 brake fluid
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Power Steering Fluid:
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Type specified by Audi, typically a CHF 11S or similar hydraulic fluid, though some older models might use ATF.
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Manual Gearbox Oil Capacity:
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Typically around 1.5 - 2.0 liters depending on transmission type.
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Automatic Gearbox Oil Capacity:
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Typically around 3.5 - 4.5 liters for a fluid change, more for a full overhaul.
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Differential Fluid Specifications:
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GL-5 gear oil for both front and rear differentials, especially important for Quattro models.
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Known Issues
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Common Issues:
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Oil leaks (valve cover gaskets, oil pan seals), cooling system issues (leaking hoses, radiator, water pump), worn suspension bushings, fuel distributor leaks (K-Jetronic), catalytic converter failure, electrical gremlins (older wiring), seizing brake calipers, automatic transmission hard shifting.
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Preventative Maintenance:
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Regular inspection of fuel lines, vacuum hoses, and coolant hoses. Timely replacement of timing belt and tensioner. Cleaning of K-Jetronic system components. Checking for electrical connection corrosion.
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Engine Mounts:
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Wear and tear on engine mounts can lead to increased vibration and noise in the cabin.
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Heater Control Valves:
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Leaking or malfunctioning heater control valves can lead to poor cabin heating performance.
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Vehicle History
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Brand Heritage
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Brand Heritage:
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Audi has a long history dating back to the early 20th century, known for its engineering prowess and innovation. By the 1980s, Audi had established itself as a manufacturer of sophisticated and technologically advanced vehicles, particularly with its focus on front-wheel drive and the introduction of the Quattro all-wheel drive system.
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Model Evolution
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Model Evolution Audi 100 Type 44:
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The Type 44 generation of the Audi 100 was introduced in 1982, replacing the Type 43. It was a radical departure with a highly aerodynamic design, earning it the nickname 'Aerodynamic Sedan'. The 1987 model year represents a facelifted version of the Type 44, with updated styling, interior refinements, and engine improvements. It was also offered as the more luxurious Audi 200, which featured more powerful engines, including turbocharged variants.
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Facelift And Updates 1987:
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The 1987 model year is part of the facelifted Type 44 series, featuring revised front and rear fascias, improved interior ergonomics, and potential updates to engine management and chassis components.
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Production
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Production Years:
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Audi 100 (Type 44): 1982-1991
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Manufacturing Locations:
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Ingolstadt, Germany; Brussels, Belgium; Aurangabad, India (CKD assembly)
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