🏷️ Basic Information Identification Make: Mazda Model: MX-5 Miata Generation: NA (First Generation) Codes Engine Codes: B6ZE (1.6L), BPZE (1.8L - for later models, but this manual focuses on 1.6L) 👋 Introduction Market Position Vehicle Segment: Lightweight, two-seater, rear-wheel-drive sports convertible. Key Selling Points: Affordability, exceptional handling ('Jinba Ittai' - horse and rider as one), reliable mechanicals, classic British roadster styling. Competitive Analysis Primary Competitors: Lotus Elan M100, Triumph Spitfire (older generation but similar ethos), Alfa Romeo Spider, Fiat X1/9 (older). Key Features Convertible Top: Manual soft-top with a simple, effective mechanism. Driving Dynamics: Balanced chassis, near 50/50 weight distribution, responsive steering. Engine Layout: Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive. 📋 Manual Details Coverage Areas Covered Years: 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993 Regions Covered: Global (primarily North American specifications, but procedures are universal) Page Count Estimated Page Count: ~1500-2000+ pages (comprehensive, often compiled from multiple sources for completeness) Manual Type Manual Type: Complete Workshop Service and Repair Manual Language Language: English Format Format: Digital Downloadable (PDF) 📖 Manual Coverage Systems Covered Engine Mechanical: Engine assembly, cylinder head, valve train, pistons, crankshaft, lubrication system, cooling system, fuel injection system (EFI), ignition system, exhaust system, engine management (ECU diagnosis and wiring). Transmission Drivetrain: Manual transmission (G5M-R), clutch system, driveshafts, differential, rear axle assembly. Suspension Steering: Front suspension (double wishbone), rear suspension (multi-link), shock absorbers, springs, steering gear, power steering system, wheel alignment specifications. Brakes: Front disc brakes, rear disc brakes (or optional rear drum for early models in some markets), brake hydraulic system, ABS (where applicable), parking brake. Electrical Systems: Battery, charging system (alternator), starting system, lighting (headlights, taillights, interior), instrumentation, audio system, power windows/locks (if equipped), wiring diagrams, fuse/relay box locations and functions. Body Chassis: Body panel removal/installation, convertible top mechanism, interior trim, doors, hood, trunk, chassis frame, structural components. Procedures Included Maintenance: Oil changes, filter replacements, fluid checks and top-offs, spark plug replacement, belt inspections and tensioning, brake pad/rotor replacement, tire rotation. Repair Rebuild: Engine internal component replacement (pistons, bearings, seals), transmission overhaul, clutch replacement, suspension component replacement, brake caliper rebuild, steering rack replacement. Diagnostics Troubleshooting: Step-by-step diagnostic flowcharts for common issues, fault code interpretation (OBD-I era), electrical circuit testing, mechanical component testing. Specifications Data: Torque specifications for all fasteners, fluid capacities, refrigerant capacities, component clearances, engine timings, electrical resistance values. Technical Depth Depth: Comprehensive, suitable for professional technicians and advanced DIY enthusiasts. Covers everything from basic fluid changes to full engine and transmission rebuilds, including detailed diagnostic procedures. 📊 Manual Specifications File Format Digital Format: PDF Searchability: Typically text-searchable for quick information retrieval. Print Quality Digital Quality: High resolution, allowing for clear viewing of diagrams and text. Binding Type Physical Equivalent: Likely a coil-bound or perfect-bound manual if a physical version existed. Paper Type Physical Equivalent Paper: Durable, coated paper suitable for workshop environments. ⚙️ Engine Specifications Primary Engine Engine Type: Inline-4 Cylinder, DOHC (Dual Overhead Camshafts) Displacement: 1.6 Liters (1597 cc) Bore X Stroke: 83.0 mm x 74.2 mm Compression Ratio: 9.4:1 Performance Horsepower: 115 hp @ 6500 RPM (US Spec) Torque: 100 lb-ft @ 5000 RPM (US Spec) Fuel System Fuel Delivery: Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) - Multi-point Fuel Type: Unleaded gasoline (87 octane recommended, higher for optimal performance) Lubrication Oil Capacity: 3.9 US Quarts (4.1 Liters) with filter change (refer to manual for exact spec) Cooling Coolant Capacity: 5.7 US Quarts (5.4 Liters) (refer to manual for exact spec) 🔧 Transmission Standard Transmission Type: 5-Speed Manual Transmission Model: Mazda G5M-R Optional Optional Transmission: 4-Speed Automatic (less common) Features Clutch Type: Hydraulically operated, dry single plate Differential: Limited-Slip Differential (LSD) often optional or standard on higher trims. Fluid Specifications Manual Transmission Fluid: API GL-4 SAE 75W-90 (or equivalent, check manual for specific Mazda spec) 📐 Dimensions Exterior Length: 155.7 inches (3955 mm) Width: 66.1 inches (1680 mm) Height: 49.4 inches (1255 mm) Wheelbase: 89.2 inches (2265 mm) Weights Curb Weight: ~2330 lbs (1057 kg) (Varies slightly by trim and options) Gross Vehicle Weight Rating Gvwr: Approx. 3000 lbs (1360 kg) (Refer to VIN plate) Cargo Trunk Volume: Approx. 4.6 cubic feet (130 Liters) 🛡️ Safety Features Ratings NHTSA Ratings: Typically not tested extensively by NHTSA in this era due to low volume and sports car classification. Owner's manual will detail safety features. Active Features ABS: Optional on some models/years within this range. Traction Control: Not typically available on these early models. Passive Features Airbags: Driver's side airbag standard from 1990. Seatbelts: Three-point inertia-reel seatbelts. Rollover Protection: Reinforced A-pillars and an optional factory-style roll bar. 💡 Technology Features Infotainment Audio System: Factory AM/FM/Cassette stereo, often with 4 speakers. CD players were not common on early models. Gauges: Full complement of analog gauges including tachometer, speedometer, fuel, and temperature. Driver Assistance Cruise Control: Available on some higher trim levels. Connectivity Connectivity Features: None by modern standards. Primarily focused on the driving experience. 🔧 Maintenance...