Citroen CX 1990 Factory Service Repair Manual

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🏷️ Basic Information Identification Make: Citroën Model: CX Year: 1990 Codes Chassis Code: XA Engine Codes: Possible: Douvrin (XM/CZ) series, e.g., XM 20 (2.0L OHC), XM 23 (2.3L OHC). Specific codes vary by market and trim. 👋 Introduction Market Position Market Position: The Citroën CX was positioned as a premium, executive, and technologically advanced automobile, known for its distinctive aerodynamic design, innovative hydropneumatic suspension, and comfortable ride. Market Position Detail: The Citroën CX was a flagship model for Citroën, designed to offer a blend of comfort, technological sophistication, and executive presence. It was a departure from more mainstream vehicles, appealing to buyers who valued unique engineering and a distinctive driving experience. Its pricing placed it in direct competition with premium European sedans. Competitive Analysis Competitive Analysis: Competed against other European executive cars like the Peugeot 604, Renault 25, BMW 5 Series (E28/E34), Mercedes-Benz W124, and Audi 100/200. Its unique suspension and design set it apart. Competitive Analysis Detail: The CX's primary competitors were established luxury and executive cars. Its hydropneumatic suspension offered a ride quality often compared to more expensive, air-suspended vehicles. While German competitors focused on sporty handling and build quality, the CX prioritized ride comfort and aerodynamic efficiency. Its FWD layout and transverse engine placement were common in its class, but its overall execution and design were uniquely French. Key Features Key Features: Hydropneumatic suspension, aerodynamic 'fastback' styling, DIRAVI speed-sensitive power steering, single-spoke steering wheel (early models), advanced interior ergonomics, front-wheel drive. Key Features Detail: The CX's defining characteristic is its hydropneumatic suspension, which automatically maintains constant ride height regardless of load and provides an exceptionally smooth and compliant ride. The aerodynamic styling, developed by Robert Opron, was a key design element, contributing to stability and fuel efficiency. The interior was designed for driver comfort and ergonomics, featuring a unique dashboard layout and often a distinctive single-spoke steering wheel. 📋 Manual Details Coverage Areas Coverage Areas: Complete vehicle repair and maintenance for all 1990 Citroën CX variants. Page Count Page Count: Hundreds (exact count not specified, but described as 'complete' and 'hundreds of pages') Manual Type Manual Type: Factory Service Repair Manual (FSM) Language Language: English (implied by product description context, though original manuals were often multilingual) Format Format: Downloadable PDF 📖 Manual Coverage Systems Covered Systems Covered: Engine, Fuel System, Ignition System, Cooling System, Lubrication System, Exhaust System, Clutch, Transmission (Manual & Automatic), Driveshafts, Suspension (Hydropneumatic), Steering, Brakes (Front Disc, Rear Disc/Drum depending on variant), Electrical System (Wiring Diagrams, Components), Bodywork, Interior Trim, Climate Control. Systems Covered Detail: Engine mechanicals (cylinder head, block, pistons, crankshaft), fuel delivery (pumps, injectors, carburettors), ignition (coils, distributors, electronics), cooling (radiator, pump, thermostat, fans), lubrication (oil pump, filter, passages), exhaust (manifolds, pipes, silencers), clutch assembly, manual gearbox (gears, shafts, selectors), automatic gearbox (hydraulics, valve body, torque converter), driveshafts and CV joints, front and rear suspension (hydropneumatic system operation, spheres, pump, hydraulic fluid, accumulators), steering system (rack and pinion, DIRAVI module), brake system (master cylinder, calipers, lines, handbrake, ABS unit if fitted), hydraulic power circuits, electrical system (battery, alternator, starter, lighting, ignition, ECUs, sensors, wiring diagrams for all circuits), body structure, exterior trim, interior trim, climate control system (heating, ventilation, AC if fitted), body control modules. Procedures Included Procedures Included: Routine Maintenance, Scheduled Service, Troubleshooting (Diagnostic Procedures), Component Removal & Installation, Adjustment Procedures, Overhaul & Rebuilds, Electrical Diagnostics, Body Repair, Spec Updates. Procedures Included Detail: Engine tune-up, valve adjustment, piston/ring replacement, cylinder head gasket replacement, timing belt/chain replacement, water pump replacement, oil pump inspection, fuel injector cleaning/replacement, carburettor rebuild, ignition timing adjustment, cooling system flush and refill, clutch replacement, transmission overhaul, differential inspection, suspension sphere pressure testing and replacement, hydraulic pump service, brake pad/disc replacement, brake caliper overhaul, ABS system diagnostics, power steering system bleeding, electrical component testing and replacement, wiring harness repair, diagnostic trouble code retrieval and interpretation, body panel alignment and repair, interior component removal and installation, dashboard disassembly, A/C system servicing (charging, leak detection). Troubleshooting guides with symptom-based diagnosis. Torque specifications for all major fasteners. Engine and transmission assembly/disassembly sequences. Exploded views of components. Specifications for clearances, tolerances, and wear limits. Technical Depth Technical Depth: Comprehensive, covering everything from basic fluid changes to complete engine and transmission overhauls, including detailed electrical schematics and diagnostic flowcharts. 📊 Manual Specifications File Format File Format: PDF (Portable Document Format) File Format Detail: PDF. Searchable text content for quick access to information. Bookmarked sections for easy navigation. Potential for hyperlinking between related sections (depending on PDF creation). Print Quality Print Quality: High resolution, suitable for printing individual pages or the entire manual. Print Quality Detail: High-resolution scans or digital originals ensuring clarity of text, diagrams, and photographs. Allows for clear printing of intricate wiring diagrams and component illustrations. Binding Type Binding Type: N/A (Digital Download) Paper Type Paper Type: N/A (Digital Download) ⚙️ Engine...

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Description

🏷️ Basic Information

Identification

Make:

Citroën

Model:

Year:

Codes

Chassis Code:

Engine Codes:

Possible: Douvrin (XM/CZ) series, e.g., XM 20 (2.0L OHC), XM 23 (2.3L OHC). Specific codes vary by market and trim.

👋 Introduction

Market Position

Market Position:

The Citroën CX was positioned as a premium, executive, and technologically advanced automobile, known for its distinctive aerodynamic design, innovative hydropneumatic suspension, and comfortable ride.

Market Position Detail:

The Citroën CX was a flagship model for Citroën, designed to offer a blend of comfort, technological sophistication, and executive presence. It was a departure from more mainstream vehicles, appealing to buyers who valued unique engineering and a distinctive driving experience. Its pricing placed it in direct competition with premium European sedans.

Competitive Analysis

Competitive Analysis:

Competed against other European executive cars like the Peugeot 604, Renault 25, BMW 5 Series (E28/E34), Mercedes-Benz W124, and Audi 100/200. Its unique suspension and design set it apart.

Competitive Analysis Detail:

The CX's primary competitors were established luxury and executive cars. Its hydropneumatic suspension offered a ride quality often compared to more expensive, air-suspended vehicles. While German competitors focused on sporty handling and build quality, the CX prioritized ride comfort and aerodynamic efficiency. Its FWD layout and transverse engine placement were common in its class, but its overall execution and design were uniquely French.

Key Features

Key Features:

Hydropneumatic suspension, aerodynamic 'fastback' styling, DIRAVI speed-sensitive power steering, single-spoke steering wheel (early models), advanced interior ergonomics, front-wheel drive.

Key Features Detail:

The CX's defining characteristic is its hydropneumatic suspension, which automatically maintains constant ride height regardless of load and provides an exceptionally smooth and compliant ride. The aerodynamic styling, developed by Robert Opron, was a key design element, contributing to stability and fuel efficiency. The interior was designed for driver comfort and ergonomics, featuring a unique dashboard layout and often a distinctive single-spoke steering wheel.

📋 Manual Details

Coverage Areas

Coverage Areas:

Complete vehicle repair and maintenance for all 1990 Citroën CX variants.

Page Count

Page Count:

Hundreds (exact count not specified, but described as 'complete' and 'hundreds of pages')

Manual Type

Manual Type:

Factory Service Repair Manual (FSM)

Language

Language:

English (implied by product description context, though original manuals were often multilingual)

Format

Format:

Downloadable PDF

📖 Manual Coverage

Systems Covered

Systems Covered:

Engine, Fuel System, Ignition System, Cooling System, Lubrication System, Exhaust System, Clutch, Transmission (Manual & Automatic), Driveshafts, Suspension (Hydropneumatic), Steering, Brakes (Front Disc, Rear Disc/Drum depending on variant), Electrical System (Wiring Diagrams, Components), Bodywork, Interior Trim, Climate Control.

Systems Covered Detail:

Engine mechanicals (cylinder head, block, pistons, crankshaft), fuel delivery (pumps, injectors, carburettors), ignition (coils, distributors, electronics), cooling (radiator, pump, thermostat, fans), lubrication (oil pump, filter, passages), exhaust (manifolds, pipes, silencers), clutch assembly, manual gearbox (gears, shafts, selectors), automatic gearbox (hydraulics, valve body, torque converter), driveshafts and CV joints, front and rear suspension (hydropneumatic system operation, spheres, pump, hydraulic fluid, accumulators), steering system (rack and pinion, DIRAVI module), brake system (master cylinder, calipers, lines, handbrake, ABS unit if fitted), hydraulic power circuits, electrical system (battery, alternator, starter, lighting, ignition, ECUs, sensors, wiring diagrams for all circuits), body structure, exterior trim, interior trim, climate control system (heating, ventilation, AC if fitted), body control modules.

Procedures Included

Procedures Included:

Routine Maintenance, Scheduled Service, Troubleshooting (Diagnostic Procedures), Component Removal & Installation, Adjustment Procedures, Overhaul & Rebuilds, Electrical Diagnostics, Body Repair, Spec Updates.

Procedures Included Detail:

Engine tune-up, valve adjustment, piston/ring replacement, cylinder head gasket replacement, timing belt/chain replacement, water pump replacement, oil pump inspection, fuel injector cleaning/replacement, carburettor rebuild, ignition timing adjustment, cooling system flush and refill, clutch replacement, transmission overhaul, differential inspection, suspension sphere pressure testing and replacement, hydraulic pump service, brake pad/disc replacement, brake caliper overhaul, ABS system diagnostics, power steering system bleeding, electrical component testing and replacement, wiring harness repair, diagnostic trouble code retrieval and interpretation, body panel alignment and repair, interior component removal and installation, dashboard disassembly, A/C system servicing (charging, leak detection). Troubleshooting guides with symptom-based diagnosis. Torque specifications for all major fasteners. Engine and transmission assembly/disassembly sequences. Exploded views of components. Specifications for clearances, tolerances, and wear limits.

Technical Depth

Technical Depth:

Comprehensive, covering everything from basic fluid changes to complete engine and transmission overhauls, including detailed electrical schematics and diagnostic flowcharts.

📊 Manual Specifications

File Format

File Format:

PDF (Portable Document Format)

File Format Detail:

PDF. Searchable text content for quick access to information. Bookmarked sections for easy navigation. Potential for hyperlinking between related sections (depending on PDF creation).

Print Quality

Print Quality:

High resolution, suitable for printing individual pages or the entire manual.

Print Quality Detail:

High-resolution scans or digital originals ensuring clarity of text, diagrams, and photographs. Allows for clear printing of intricate wiring diagrams and component illustrations.

Binding Type

Binding Type:

N/A (Digital Download)

Paper Type

Paper Type:

N/A (Digital Download)

⚙️ Engine Specifications

Primary Engine

Primary Engine:

Likely 2.0L (XM 20) and 2.3L (XM 23) Douvrin inline-four gasoline engines. Diesel variants (e.g., 2.1L Turbo-Diesel) were also available.

Primary Engine Detail:

The 1990 CX likely featured updated versions of the Douvrin (also known as PRV in some contexts, though Douvrin is more accurate for these specific engines) inline-four engines. Commonly found were the 2.0L (1995cc) and 2.3L (2335cc) units. The 2.1L (2138cc) turbo-diesel was also a significant offering in many markets.

Performance

Performance:

2.0L: Approx. 115 hp. 2.3L: Approx. 130 hp. Turbo-Diesel: Approx. 90-110 hp. Torque figures vary significantly by engine and market.

Performance Detail:

2.0L (carbureted): ~106-115 hp. 2.0L (injected): ~115-128 hp. 2.3L (injected): ~138 hp. 2.1L Turbo Diesel: ~85-95 hp. Torque figures vary but generally provided adequate low-end grunt for comfortable cruising.

Fuel System

Fuel System:

Typically carbureted (e.g., Solex Zenith) on base 2.0L models, with fuel injection (Bosch LE-Jetronic or similar) on higher-spec 2.0L, 2.3L, and diesel models.

Fuel System Detail:

Carbureted models used Solex or Zenith downdraft carburetors. Fuel-injected models employed Bosch K-Jetronic (CIS) or similar mechanical fuel injection systems. Diesel models utilized Lucas or Bosch diesel injection pumps.

🔧 Transmission

Standard

Standard:

4-speed or 5-speed manual transmission.

Standard Detail:

5-speed manual transaxle. Gear ratios varied by engine and model but were typically geared for comfortable cruising rather than aggressive acceleration.

Optional

Optional:

3-speed or 4-speed automatic transmission (e.g., ZF 3HP22 or Citroën's own AT8).

Optional Detail:

Citroën's own AT8 or the ZF 3HP22 3-speed automatic transmission were common options, further enhancing the car's relaxed driving character.

Features

Features:

Manual transmissions often featured a diaphragm clutch. Automatic transmissions provided smooth power delivery, complementing the car's ride comfort.

Features Detail:

Both manual and automatic transmissions were integrated with the front-wheel-drive transaxle, a common layout for transverse engines of the era. The clutch mechanism was typically a single dry plate type.

📐 Dimensions

Exterior

Exterior:

Length: ~4.7-4.9m (Sedan/Hatchback), ~5.0m (Break/Estate). Width: ~1.7m. Height: ~1.4m. Wheelbase: ~2.9m. CX was known for its long wheelbase contributing to its stable ride.

Exterior Detail:

Overall Length: 4,778 mm (188.1 in) for sedan, 4,997 mm (196.7 in) for Break. Width: 1,770 mm (69.7 in). Height: 1,360 mm (53.5 in) for sedan, 1,400 mm (55.1 in) for Break. Wheelbase: 2,947 mm (116.0 in). Track (front/rear): Approx. 1,490 mm / 1,410 mm.

Interior

Interior:

Spacious cabin, particularly in terms of legroom due to the long wheelbase. Ergonomically designed dashboard and seating.

Interior Detail:

Front legroom: ~1,050 mm. Rear legroom: ~850 mm. Front shoulder room: ~1,450 mm. Rear shoulder room: ~1,400 mm. The long wheelbase and cabin design provided excellent passenger space, especially for front occupants.

Cargo

Cargo:

Generous boot space on the hatchback and estate (Break) versions, facilitated by the rear-mounted suspension spheres.

Cargo Detail:

Hatchback: ~524 liters (18.5 cu ft) with rear seats up. Break (Estate): Significantly larger, easily exceeding 1,000 liters (35.3 cu ft) with seats folded.

Weights

Weights:

Curb weight typically ranged from 1200kg to 1500kg depending on engine and specification.

Weights Detail:

Curb Weight: 1,270 kg (2,800 lbs) for 2.0L manual, up to 1,450 kg (3,197 lbs) for heavier variants like the Turbo Diesel or automatic models. Gross Vehicle Weight: Approx. 1,700-1,800 kg.

🛡️ Safety Features

Ratings

Ratings:

No standardized crash test ratings (like Euro NCAP or NHTSA) for this era. Design emphasis on active safety via excellent handling and braking.

Ratings Detail:

Due to its production era, official NCAP or IIHS ratings are unavailable. However, contemporary reviews and its design emphasized passive safety features and active safety systems for its time.

Active Features

Active Features:

Hydropneumatic suspension providing constant ride height and excellent road holding, DIRAVI steering, powerful disc brakes on all wheels (often with a dual-circuit system and pressure regulator).

Active Features Detail:

The hydropneumatic suspension's ability to maintain consistent ride height and body control under all load conditions was a significant active safety feature, ensuring predictable handling. DIRAVI steering provided high-speed stability. The powerful, servo-assisted disc brakes (often 4-wheel discs on higher trims) offered effective stopping power.

Passive Features

Passive Features:

Collapsible steering column, reinforced passenger cell, front seat belts. Later models may have featured front airbags as an option.

Passive Features Detail:

Reinforced passenger safety cell, crumple zones, padded interior surfaces, three-point seatbelts (front and rear), and a collapsible steering column were standard. Door intrusion beams provided side-impact protection.

💡 Technology Features

Infotainment

Infotainment:

Basic AM/FM radio with cassette player. Optional higher-fidelity systems with multiple speakers. Dashboard-mounted analogue gauges and warning lights.

Driver Assistance

Driver Assistance:

DIRAVI (Direction à Rappel Asservi) speed-sensitive power steering was a standout feature. Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) became available on later models, particularly higher-spec variants.

Connectivity

Connectivity:

N/A - No modern connectivity features like Bluetooth, USB, or smartphone integration. Communication primarily through the audio system and basic dashboard indicators.

🔧 Maintenance

Service Intervals

Service Intervals:

Oil Changes: Typically every 5,000-10,000 km (3,000-6,000 miles) or 6-12 months. Other services (spark plugs, filters, timing belt/chain) at intervals specified by Citroën, often 20,000-40,000 km.

Service Intervals Detail:

Regular oil and filter changes: 7,500 miles (12,000 km) or 12 months. Air filter: 15,000 miles (24,000 km). Spark plugs: 20,000 miles (32,000 km). Fuel filter: 20,000 miles (32,000 km). Timing belt (if applicable, depending on engine): 40,000 miles (64,000 km) or 4 years. Hydropneumatic fluid (LHM) change and filter: 30,000 miles (48,000 km) or 2 years.

Fluid Specifications

Fluid Specifications:

Engine Oil: e.g., SAE 20W-50 or 10W-40 API SF/SG. Hydropneumatic Fluid (LHM): Citroën's own LH-M or LDS fluid (color-coded green). Transmission Fluid: GL-4 gear oil for manuals, Dexron II/III for automatics. Coolant: Ethylene Glycol based coolant with appropriate corrosion inhibitors.

Fluid Specifications Detail:

Engine Oil: SAE 15W-40 API SG or higher, or 10W-40 for colder climates. Capacity: Approx. 4.2-4.5 liters (with filter). Hydropneumatic Fluid (LHM): Citroën LHM PLUS (green fluid). Capacity: Approx. 5-6 liters (system capacity). Brake Fluid: DOT 3 or DOT 4 (for brake system if separate from hydro system, though typically integrated). Transmission Oil: Manual - GL-4 SAE 75W-90. Automatic - Dexron II or III. Coolant: 50/50 mix of ethylene glycol antifreeze and distilled water.

Known Issues

Known Issues:

Hydropneumatic system leaks (pipes, seals, spheres), electrical gremlins (poor connections, aging wiring), corrosion (especially in wheel arches and sills), ignition system component failures, fuel pump issues, rust on body panels and subframes. Transmission synchro wear in manuals.

Known Issues Detail:

Hydropneumatic system: Leaking LHM pipes, failing hydraulic spheres (loss of ride comfort/height), worn hydraulic pump seals, accumulator failure. Electrical: Corroded earth points, faulty relays, aging wiring looms leading to intermittent issues. Engine: Head gasket failures (especially on older 2.3L), oil leaks, ignition module failures. Body: Rust in wheel wells, sills, chassis outriggers, rear axle mounts. Steering: DIRAVI system leaks or malfunctions. Braking: Seized calipers, wear on brake hydraulics.

📚 Vehicle History

Brand Heritage

Brand Heritage:

Citroën has a long history of innovation and avant-garde design, exemplified by iconic vehicles like the 2CV, DS, and SM. The CX continued this legacy.

Brand Heritage Detail:

Citroën, a French automotive manufacturer, has a legacy of pushing technological boundaries and embracing unconventional design. From the 2CV's utilitarianism to the DS's futuristic elegance, Citroën has consistently sought to innovate in areas of comfort, safety, and aerodynamics. The CX was a direct descendant of this philosophy.

Model Evolution

Model Evolution:

The CX succeeded the DS in 1974 and was produced until 1992. It underwent significant updates, including the Series 2 revision in 1986, which brought styling changes, improved interior, and mechanical upgrades.

Model Evolution Detail:

Introduced in 1974 as the successor to the legendary DS. The CX was named 'CX' after the drag coefficient (Cd), reflecting its aerodynamic design. The Series 2 update in 1986 brought significant aesthetic and technical improvements, including a revised dashboard, improved engines, and updated suspension components. The 1990 model year falls within this Series 2 generation.

Production

Production:

Produced from 1974 to 1992. The 1990 model is part of the Series 2 evolution. Key production facilities included Rennes-La-Janais in France.

Production Detail:

Production ran from 1974 to 1992, with over 1.2 million units produced across various body styles (Berline, Break, Prestige, CXE Paris). Main production was at the Rennes-La-Janais factory in France. The CX was also assembled in other countries, including Belgium, Spain, and Portugal.

🏆 Awards & Recognition

Recognitions

Recognitions:

The Citroën CX was critically acclaimed for its ride comfort and innovative technology upon its release. It was voted European Car of the Year in 1975 (though this was for its introduction year, the 1990 model inherits this heritage).

Ratings

Ratings:

Contemporary automotive press reviews consistently praised its ride quality, handling stability, and distinctive styling. Criticisms often focused on maintenance complexity and electrical reliability compared to some competitors.

Certifications

Certifications:

N/A - No specific third-party certifications relevant to this model's era of production.