🏷️ Basic Information Identification Make: Porsche Model: 944 Turbo Model Code: 951 Year: 1991 Codes Engine Code: M44.52 Chassis Code: 944 S2/Turbo 👋 Introduction Market Position Market Positioning: The 1991 Porsche 944 Turbo represented the pinnacle of the 944 series, a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive performance car that offered a compelling blend of luxury, handling, and power. Positioned as a more accessible yet highly capable performance coupe, it competed against cars like the Chevrolet Corvette ZR-1, Mitsubishi 3000GT VR-4, and Nissan 300ZX Twin Turbo. Competitive Analysis Competitive Landscape: The 944 Turbo stood out with its exceptional balance, advanced chassis engineering, and a potent turbocharged engine that delivered exhilarating performance. Its build quality and driver engagement were hallmarks of Porsche engineering, distinguishing it from many Japanese rivals of the era which often prioritized outright power figures or technology features. Key Features Key Vehicle Features: Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout, turbocharged 2.5L inline-4 engine, advanced transaxle design for optimal weight distribution, 50/50 weight balance, potent braking system, aerodynamic bodywork, premium interior appointments, and Porsche's renowned driving dynamics. 📋 Manual Details Coverage Areas Primary Coverage: 1991 Porsche 944 Turbo (951) Engine Coverage: 2.5L Turbocharged Inline-4 (M44.52) Transmission Coverage: 5-Speed Manual Transaxle Body Styles Covered: Coupe (944 Turbo) Page Count Estimated Page Count: Approx. 1500+ pages (typical for this era Porsche workshop manual) Manual Type Type: Workshop Manual / Service Manual / Repair Manual Language Language: English Format Format: Digital Download (PDF) 📖 Manual Coverage Systems Covered Engine: Complete engine disassembly, assembly, diagnosis, tuning, lubrication, cooling system, fuel injection (Motronic M2.1/M2.2), ignition system, turbocharger system, exhaust system. Transmission: 5-speed transaxle repair, clutch system, differential, driveshafts, shift linkage. Brakes: Front and rear disc brake systems, ABS (if equipped), hydraulic lines, parking brake, brake fluid specifications. Suspension Steering: Front and rear suspension components (torsion bars, shock absorbers, control arms, trailing arms), power steering system, wheel alignment specifications, steering rack. Electrical System: Complete wiring diagrams, fuse box layout, battery, alternator, starter motor, lighting system, instrument cluster, ECUs, sensors, diagnostic connectors. Body Chassis: Body panel removal and installation, doors, hood, trunk, glass, bumpers, interior trim, structural components, rust prevention. HVAC: Air conditioning system (refrigerant types, charging), heater core, climate control operation. Procedures Included Maintenance: Regular service intervals, oil changes, filter replacements, spark plug service, belt replacement, brake fluid flush, coolant change. Troubleshooting: Diagnostic procedures for common problems, fault codes, electrical troubleshooting charts, symptom-based diagnosis. Repair: Step-by-step instructions for component repair and replacement, engine rebuild, transmission overhaul, suspension rebuild, brake caliper overhaul. Installation: Installation procedures for genuine Porsche parts and accessories. Technical Depth Depth: Comprehensive, covering basic maintenance to complete engine and transmission rebuilds, advanced electrical diagnostics, and structural repair. 📊 Manual Specifications File Format File Format Details: High-resolution PDF, searchable text, bookmarked chapters for easy navigation. Print Quality Print Quality: Printable pages at high resolution, suitable for professional printing. Binding Type Binding Type Description: N/A (Digital Download) Paper Type Paper Type Description: N/A (Digital Download) ⚙️ Engine Specifications Primary Engine Engine Type: Naturally Aspirated Inline-4 Displacement: 2479 cc (2.5 Liters) Bore X Stroke: 100.0 mm x 78.9 mm Compression Ratio: 8.0:1 Valve Train: Dual Overhead Camshafts (DOHC), 2 valves per cylinder Aspiration: Turbocharged with Intercooler Turbocharger Model: Garrett AiResearch T3/T04E (or similar) Boost Pressure: Approx. 0.7 bar (10.1 psi) regulated Performance Horsepower: 247 hp @ 6000 rpm Torque: 258 lb-ft (350 Nm) @ 4000 rpm Fuel System Fuel Delivery: Bosch Motronic M2.1/M2.2 Fuel Injection System Fuel Type: Premium Unleaded Gasoline (91+ Octane) Fluid Specifications Engine Oil Type: SAE 0W-40 or 5W-40 Synthetic (per Porsche recommendation) Engine Oil Capacity: Approx. 7.0 liters (7.4 US quarts) with filter Coolant Type: Porsche approved G48 (Ethylene Glycol based) or equivalent 🔧 Transmission Standard Transmission Type: 5-Speed Manual Transaxle (G50/01) Optional Optional Transmission: None for 944 Turbo model year 1991 Features Transaxle Design: Rear-mounted transaxle for 50/50 weight distribution Fluid Specifications Transmission Fluid Type: API GL-4 SAE 75W-90 Synthetic Gear Oil Transmission Fluid Capacity: Approx. 2.3 liters (2.4 US quarts) 📐 Dimensions Exterior Length: 4231 mm (166.6 inches) Width: 1730 mm (68.1 inches) Height: 1270 mm (50.0 inches) Wheelbase: 2400 mm (94.5 inches) Front Track: 1470 mm (57.9 inches) Rear Track: 1490 mm (58.7 inches) Ground Clearance: Approx. 130 mm (5.1 inches) Weights Curb Weight: Approx. 1380 kg (3042 lbs) Gross Vehicle Weight Rating: Approx. 1760 kg (3880 lbs) Cargo Cargo Volume: Rear hatch with substantial cargo space, plus front trunk. Wheels Tires Front Wheel Size: 8 x 16 inch (standard Turbo S alloy) / 7 x 16 inch (standard Turbo) Rear Wheel Size: 9 x 16 inch (standard Turbo S alloy) / 8 x 16 inch (standard Turbo) Front Tire Size: 225/50VR16 Rear Tire Size: 245/45VR16 Wheel Bolt Pattern: 5 x 130 mm Offset: ET 52.3 (Front), ET 47.1 (Rear) (typical) 🛡️ Safety Features Ratings Safety Rating Era: No standardized crash test ratings from NHTSA or...